Donkeys and Dragons: Recollections of schoolteachers' nicknames

Pupils' nicknames for teachers are typically clandestine and serve a reference function rather than acting as terms of address. Despite being a ubiquitous feature of school life, they have attracted little research. This questionnaire study explores characteristics of the use of nicknames as recalled by a sample of 103 university students. Most nicknames expressed contempt or dislike, or attempted to get back or get even, or to put one over on the teacher. The majority of names drew upon physical characteristics of the target person. Although nicknames were derogatory in intent, aptness, wit and cleverness are seen as important characteristics; specifically, wit and aptness seem to have a moderating effect on the offensiveness of nicknames.     

Visual observing behavior in the squirrel monkey

Ten squirrel monkeys were tested to determine whether visual observing behavior could be measured using a technique developed for rhesus monkeys. The Ss engaged in visual observation of a set of projected color slides of other squirrel monkeys to an extent comparable with visual observation by rhesus monkeys. Significant differences in both mean cumulative viewing time and mean frequency of visual observing were found for the different visual incentive conditions used. Previous reports of a low level of visual attention by squirrel monkeys were not confirmed.