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61.
Thomas Delahunty Niall Seery Raymond Lynch 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2018,27(2):114-130
Currently, there is significant interest being directed towards the development of STEM education to meet economic and societal demands. While economic concerns can be a powerful driving force in advancing the STEM agenda, care must be taken that such economic imperative does not promote research approaches that overemphasize pragmatic application at the expense of augmenting the fundamental knowledge base of the discipline. This can be seen in the predominance of studies investigating problem solving approaches and procedures, while neglecting representational and conceptual processes, within the literature. Complementing concerns about STEM graduates’ problem solving capabilities, raised within the pertinent literature, this paper discusses a novel methodological approach aimed at investigating the cognitive elements of problem conceptualization. The intention is to demonstrate a novel method of data collection that overcomes some of the limitations cited in classic problem solving research while balancing a search for fundamental understanding with the possibility of application. The methodology described in this study employs an electroencephalographic (EEG) headset, as part of a mixed methods approach, to gather objective evidence of students’ cognitive processing during problem solving epochs. The method described provides rich evidence of students’ cognitive representations of problems during episodes of applied reasoning. The reliability and validity of the EEG method is supported by the stability of the findings across the triangulated data sources. The paper presents a novel method in the context of research within STEM education and demonstrates an effective procedure for gathering rich evidence of cognitive processing during the early stages of problem conceptualization. 相似文献
62.
Latent inhibition, which refers to attenuated responding to a conditioned stimulus (CS) after CS-unconditioned stimulus (CS-US) pairings as a result of CS-alone presentations prior to the pairings, is often attenuated if preexposure and conditioning occur in different contexts (i.e., it is context specific). Here we report two conditioned lick suppression experiments, using rat subjects, that examined whether manipulations known to attenuate the context specificity of extinction could also eliminate the context specificity of latent inhibition. Context specificity of latent inhibition was eliminated when the CS was preexposed in multiple contexts (Experiment 1) and when the CS was massively pre-exposed in the training context alone (Experiment 2). These results and their practical implications are discussed in the framework of contemporary theories of latent inhibition. 相似文献
63.
64.
The object of this paper is to analyze some of the factors underlying differing levels of morale in university departments. Morale is conceived to be primarily a product of perceived department-head performance, although it is also suggested that environmental and satisfaction variables may be important. Morale is seen as a potential symptomatic attribute which might be used in diagnosing organizational difficulties. The authors did indeed find, using multiple discriminant analysis on departmentally aggregated data, that the perceived performance of department heads was more important in predicting levels of morale. In addition, department size was also found to be useful. The conclusions drawn were that morale could be used as a symptom of departmental (or organizational) well being and that such data could be useful to those managing department heads both in the selection of department heads and in their ongoing supervision.The authors were designated by Western Kentucky University to supervise the collection and analysis of the data described. The data were used with the permission of the Office of the President, Western Kentucky University. 相似文献
65.
Economic stress, parenting, and child adjustment in Mexican American and European American families 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Parke RD Coltrane S Duffy S Buriel R Dennis J Powers J French S Widaman KF 《Child development》2004,75(6):1632-1656
To assess the impact of economic hardship on 111 European American and 167 Mexican American families and their 5th-grade (M age=11.4 years) children, a family stress model was evaluated. Structural equation analyses revealed that economic hardship was linked to indexes of economic pressure that were related to depressive symptoms for mothers and fathers of both ethnicities. Depressive symptoms were linked to marital problems and hostile parenting. Paternal hostile parenting was related to child adjustment problems for European Americans, whereas marital problems were linked to child adjustment problems for Mexican Americans. Maternal acculturation was associated with both higher marital problems and lower hostile parenting. The utility of the model for describing the effects of economic hardship in Mexican Americans is noted. 相似文献
66.
Two quasi-experimental methods – fixed effects (FE) and virtual control records (VCR) – were used to measure charter schooling in 14 states and two districts. The new VCR method uses all available observable charter student characteristics and prior performance to create a composite comparison record. A head-to-head comparison of the FE and VCR methods used the same charter students to test the FE control (e.g., the charter student's own traditional public school experience) and the VCR for equivalence. The comparison produced highly similar estimates; charter coefficients were identical in sign and significance and of the same general magnitudes. In an analysis of the sampling fractions included in each method using all available tested charter students, the VCR method was found to produce more generalizable results. In the policy analysis, charter school quality was found to be demographically and geographically uneven with only 19 percent of charter schools outperforming their local markets. 相似文献
67.
Mantak?YuenEmail author Patrick?S.?Y.?Lau Queenie?A.?Y.?Lee Norman?C.?Gysbers Raymond?M.?C.?Chan Ricci?W.?Fong Y.?B.?Chung Peter?M.?K.?Shea 《Asia Pacific Education Review》2012,13(1):55-63
This study explored the concept of school connectedness and the factors that may influence its development with a sample of
Chinese adolescents. Six focus groups involving 52 high school students were conducted using a set of predetermined discussion
topics. Results indicated that the students fully understood the notion of school connectedness and could identify a number
of key influences affecting its development. These factors could be grouped under several domains including teacher care,
peer relations, broader school relationships, school disciplinary policies and practices, activities within the school’s guidance
and counseling program, and opportunities for talent development. The students were also able to suggest practical strategies
that schools might introduce to enhance and strengthen students’ acquisition of connectedness to school. The implications
from the findings are discussed with particular reference to implementing comprehensive school guidance and counseling program
in Hong Kong. 相似文献
68.
Daniel N. Lapedes James W. Brown Henry Geller Edward M. Dickson Raymond Bowers Martin H. Seiden 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(5):59-63
Robert C. Toll's On with the Show: The First Century of Show Business in America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1976---$19.95) Edwin Fisher, et al., eds. The Art in Cartooning: Seventy-five Years of American Magazine Cartoons (New York : Scribner's, 1975---$14.95) Vaughncille Molden's Telecommunications and Black Americans: A Survey of Ownership, Participation and Control (Center for Development Technology and Program in Technology and Human Affairs, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. 63130-48.50, paper) Working Papers in Culture and Communication (Department of Anthropology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pa. 19122-- $2.00, paper) 相似文献
69.
Michael Wynn Jones M.L. Stein Raymond A. Schroth American Newspaper Publishers Association 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(5):63-64
Michael Wynn Jones' A Newspaper History of the World (New York: Morrow, 1974—$15.95) Problems of Journalism: Proceedings of the 1974 Convention, American Society of Newspaper Editors (ASNE, Box 551, 1350 Sullivan Trail, Easton, Pa. 18042—$6.25) M.L. Stein's Shaping the News: How the Media Function in Today's World (New York: Pocket Books, 1974—$1.25, paper) Raymond A. Schroth S.J., The Eagle and Brooklyn: A Community Newspaper, 1341-1955 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974— $12.95) American Newspaper Publishers Association News Research Bulletin (write to Mr. William Schabacker, Manager, Information Services, American Newspaper Publishers Association, P.O. Box 17407, Dulles International Airport, Washington, D.C. 20041) 相似文献
70.
Jack Temple Kirby Dan Nimmo Raymond G. Smith Fred Fedler Rolf Myller William E. Francois 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(11):180-184
Jack Temple Kirby's Media-Made Dixie: The South in the American Imagination. (Baton Rouge, La.: Louisiana State University Press, 1978—$9.95) Dan Nimmo's Political Communication and Public Opinion in America (Santa Monica, Calif.: Goodyear Publishing Co., 1978—price not given, but available in hard and paper editions) Raymond G. Smith's The Message Measurement Inventory: A Profile for Communication Analysis (Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, 1978—$12.50) Fred Fedler's An Introduction to the Mass Media (New York: Harcourt, Brace Jovanovich, 1978—price not given, paper) Rolf Myller's Symbols and their Meaning (New York: Atheneum, 1978—$9.95) William E. Francois, Mass Media Law and Regulation (Columbus, Ohio: Grid, Inc., 1978—price not given) James Leigh and Claude R. Martin, Jr., Current Issues and Research in Advertising (Ann Arbor, Mich.: Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, 1978—$4.75, paper) Philip Ward Burton's Advertising Copywriting (Columbus, Ohio: Grid, 1978—$12.95) Postal and Allied Arenas–Research Task Specifications, Phase I: Arena Survey by John F. McLaughlin (October 1977, 39 pp., $10.90, paper, Working Paper W-77-9) The Communications Act Policy Toward Competition: A Failure to Communicate by G. Hamilton Loeb (October 1977, 95 pp., $23.40, paper, Publication P-77-3) Roland E. Wolseley's Careers in Religious Communications (Herald Press, Scottdale, Pa. 15683—$4.95, paper) Roland Barthes' Image-Music- Text (New York: Hill & Wang, 1977—$8.95) Jacques Barzun and Henry F. Graff's The Modern Researcher (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1977—$6.95 in paper, and also available in hardback) 相似文献