2N＋1进制同步循环码计数器设计

本文推导了任意2^n进制循环码计数器的设计公式，并在此基础上分析了2N 1进制同步循环码计数器的构成方法。通过设计实例表明，用此方法设计2N 1进制同步循环码计数器具有使用方便，设计迅速等优点和一定的实用意义。     

Instructional design for advanced learners: Establishing connections between the theoretical frameworks of cognitive load and deliberate practice

Cognitive load theory (CLT) has been successful in identifying instructional formats that are more effective and efficient than conventional problem solving in the initial, novice phase of skill acquisition. However, recent findings regarding the “expertise reversal effect” have begun to stimulate cognitive load theorists to broaden their horizon to the question of how instructional design should be altered as a learner's knowledge increases. To answer this question, it is important to understand how expertise is acquired and what fosters its development. Expert performance research, and, in particular, the theoretical framework of deliberate practice have given us a better understanding of the principles and activities that are essential in order to excel in a domain. This article explores how these activities and principles can be used to design instructional formats based on CLT for higher levels of skills mastery. The value of these formats for e-learning environments in which learning tasks can be adaptively selected on the basis of online assessments of the learner's level of expertise is discussed. In their preparation of this article, the first and last authors were supported by an Internationalization grant from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, The Hague, project number 411-01-010).     

Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno’s Textbooks: Audiences, Teaching Practices and Chemical Revolution

Pedro Gutiérrez Bueno wrote two editions of a chemistry textbook between 1788 and 1802. The paper offers a comparative view of both editions taking into account Gutiérrez Bueno’s biography, his intended audience and the changes related to the so-called chemical revolution. Some conclusions are at odds with common images about scientific revolutions and the role of textbooks in science. The analysis aims to shed some light on the multiple historical forces shaping textbooks and the way in which scientific change is assimilated by their writers. This research was partially supported by the program BHA2002-04611-CO3-02     

论周紫芝的乐府诗

周紫芝是南宋初年有名的诗人，有近二千首诗传世，其中包括一定数量的乐府诗。他有明确的乐府理论指导创作，从而使其乐府诗在数量上和质量上都超过当时诗人，在南宋初年诗坛居领先地位。     

Books and articles of academic interest

Books and articles of academic interest     

加强和改进新时期思想政治工作的思考

改革开放以来,世界正在发生深刻变化,我国正在进行完善和发展社会主义制度的自我变革,面对新形势、新情况,思想政治工作在继承和发扬优良传统的基础上,必须在内客、形式、方法、手段、机制等方面进行创新和改革,才能为改革开放和现代化建设提供强大的动力和保证。     

Using an Attribution Support Tool to Enhance the Teacher Efficacy of Student Science Teachers

To increase the teacher efficacy of student teachers, they need positive classroom experiences: mastery experiences. These mastery experiences have to be created by the student teachers themselves. Therefore, student teachers need a tool to better understand problematic teaching experiences and help them create positive classroom experiences. Nine student biology teachers used this attribution support tool when reflecting on multiple lessons taught in classes they considered difficult. They scored their lessons and filled in a teacher efficacy questionnaire after each lesson. The results show that teacher efficacy increased and the number of failures during the lessons decreased; on average, the self-awarded marks per teacher per lesson increased, indicating an increase in mastery experiences. Therefore, the attribution tool seems to be a promising tool for student teachers to enhance their teacher efficacy and to support reflection on problematic teaching experiences.     

特师在职培训要走终身教育之路

我国特教师资队伍存在着学历偏低、数量不足、专业技术薄弱等问题，开展在职特教教师的终身教育十分必要。从政策上给予一定的扶持，进行按需施教，分类培训，发挥高等特教学院的办学职能，积极开展远程教育等，是加强我国在职特教教师终身教育的有效措施。