散打运动中摔法运用特点及训练手段分析

文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计法和系统分析法等研究方法,通过研究运动员在比赛中的技术运用特点,分析了摔法技术在散打比赛中的作用及相关的技术要求,并进一步探讨提高散打运动中摔法技术成功率的训练方法与手段,为散打教练员指导运动员进行摔法训练提供参考。     

太极拳研究的现状分析

文章通过对《中华武术》、《武林》、《少林与太极》、《武魂》、《武当》等武术专业期刊03-07年以来刊登的关于太极拳方向的共885篇文章进行整理归类,统计各分类数量比例,分析研究相关内容,探讨太极拳研究的现状。     

A scale-based approach to interdisciplinary research and expertise in sports

After more than 20 years since the introduction of ecological and dynamical approaches in sports research, their promising opportunity for interdisciplinary research has not been fulfilled yet. The complexity of the research process and the theoretical and empirical difficulties associated with an integrated ecological-dynamical approach have been the major factors hindering the generalisation of interdisciplinary projects in sports sciences. To facilitate this generalisation, we integrate the major concepts from the ecological and dynamical approaches to study behaviour as a multi-scale process. Our integration gravitates around the distinction between functional (ecological) and execution (organic) scales, and their reciprocal intra- and inter-scale constraints. We propose an (epistemological) scale-based definition of constraints that accounts for the concept of synergies as emergent coordinative structures. To illustrate how we can operationalise the notion of multi-scale synergies we use an interdisciplinary model of locomotor pointing. To conclude, we show the value of this approach for interdisciplinary research in sport sciences, as we discuss two examples of task-specific dimensionality reduction techniques in the context of an ongoing project that aims to unveil the determinants of expertise in basketball free throw shooting. These techniques provide relevant empirical evidence to help bootstrap the challenging modelling efforts required in sport sciences.     

Skating start propulsion: three-dimensional kinematic analysis of elite male and female ice hockey players

The forward skating start is a fundamental skill for male and female ice hockey players. However, performance differences by athlete’s sex cannot be fully explained by physiological variables; hence, other factors such as skating technique warrant examination. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the body movement kinematics of ice hockey skating starts between elite male and female ice hockey participants. Male (n = 9) and female (n = 10) elite ice hockey players performed five forward skating start accelerations. An 18-camera motion capture system placed on the arena ice surface captured full-body kinematics during the first seven skating start steps within 15 meters. Males’ maximum skating speeds were greater than females. Skating technique sex differences were noted: in particular, females presented ~10° lower hip abduction throughout skating stance as well as ~10° greater knee extension at initial ice stance contact, conspicuously followed by a brief cessation in knee extension at the moment of ice contact, not evident in male skaters. Further study is warranted to explain why these skating technique differences exist in relation to factors such as differences in training, equipment, performance level, and anthropometrics.     

Assessment of leg muscles mechanical capacities: Which jump,loading, and variable type provide the most reliable outcomes?

This study aimed to explore the strength of the force–velocity (F–V) relationship of lower limb muscles and the reliability of its parameters (maximum force [F₀], slope [a], maximum velocity [V₀], and maximum power [P₀]). Twenty-three men were tested in two different jump types (squat and countermovement jump: SJ and CMJ), performed under two different loading conditions (free weight and Smith machine: Free and Smith) with 0, 17, 30, 45, 60, and 75?kg loads. The maximum and averaged values of F and V were obtained for the F–V relationship modelling. All F–V relationships were strong and linear independently whether observed from the averaged across the participants (r?≥?0.98) or individual data (r?=?0.94–0.98), while their parameters were generally highly reliable (F₀ [CV: 4.85%, ICC: 0.87], V₀ [CV: 6.10%, ICC: 0.82], a [CV: 10.5%, ICC: 0.81], and P₀ [CV: 3.5%, ICC: 0.93]). Both the strength of the F–V relationships and the reliability of their parameters were significantly higher for (1) the CMJ over the SJ, (2) the Free over the Smith loading type, and (3) the maximum over the averaged F and V variables. In conclusion, although the F–V relationships obtained from all the jumps tested were linear and generally highly reliable, the less appropriate choice for testing the F–V relationship could be through the averaged F and V data obtained from the SJ performed either in a Free weight or in a Smith machine. Insubstantial differences exist among the other combinations tested.     

Guangzhou Opera House： A Theatre That Has Changed A City

＂Architecture is music in space, as it were a frozen music. ＂A theater is a perject mix of the two. The past three years has seen the construction of numerous theatres around China. They are not only cultural landmarks, but also bear significant economic and social implications. It is the joint responsibility of builders, operators and managers to make them cultural icons that play a key role in promoting local cultural and art development. The reporter recently visited Guangzhou Opera House, put in use jbur years ago, in order to find its success in bringing cultural experience Jor local citizens.     

Deterioration of Yungang Grottoes: Diagnosis and research

Yungang Grottoes, in Datong City of Shanxi Province, China, as the state-level key cultural relic preservation organ, have been subjected to severe degradation due to natural and human factors over the years. Since January 2010, site investigation and research on Yungang Grottoes, assisted by the Xi’an Relics Protection Center and Yungang Grottoes Cultural Research Institute, have been carried out in the laboratory of cultural relics conservation materials in Zhejiang University. Our investigation of the deterioration characteristics of these grottoes is presented here. The paper describes about 12 types of diseases in detail represented by dust deposit, salt crystallization and black crust. Relevant samples have been collected and analyzed by means of SEM, FT-IR, XRD and EDAX to study the potential hazard to the sandstones and conservation methods, which could be used to help guide remediation efforts directed at reducing the weathering problem.     

上海市一线运动员心理服务需求现状调研

目的:了解上海市一线运动员存在的心理困扰及应对方式、对运动队心理辅导内容和方式的期待,提出心理服务工作设想。方法:对562位运动员进行问卷调查。结果:上海市一线运动员对心理知识的了解程度低;在训练比赛中的心理困扰主要有担心失误、运动成绩长期没有进步、缺乏比赛信心等,在日常学习生活中主要困扰为未来的职业发展与人生规划、伤病问题、失眠、情绪控制不佳等;运动员对提高运动表现的心理技能训练、兴趣爱好培养、人际交往沟通等辅导内容感兴趣,偏向一对一心理咨询和集体辅导活动方式;不同年龄段、项目的运动员心理困扰、应对方式及其期待的心理辅导内容方式存在差异。结论:运动员心理服务中不能忽视心理健康教育,需以问题为导向设计辅导内容,注重普遍性和特殊性结合。