Effect of different loading conditions on running mechanics at different velocities

Weighted vests are widely used to improve running economy and performance. However, it is not well-studied how running mechanics are adapted to counteract the higher peak vertical ground reaction forces (Fpeak) while running with such a device. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of different loading conditions on running mechanics at different velocities. Thirteen subjects participated in two separate sessions one week apart. In the first session, maximal aerobic speed (MAS) was determined through a maximal incremental running test while in the second session, they were instructed to run during one minute under different loading (0%, +10% and +20% of body mass [BM]) and velocity (60%, 80% and 100% of MAS) conditions in a random order. Spatiotemporal data were recorded and then running mechanics modelled using the spring-mass model. The main results indicated that vertical and leg stiffness (Kvert and Kleg, respectively) were increased (P?P?>?.05) when load was changed. At the same time, alterations of the running kinematics were observed such as longer contact times, reduced flight times, stride frequencies and step lengths, as well as an increase of the centre of mass dynamics. Based on these results it is assumed that runners maintain a certain stiffness level for each velocity despite different loading conditions. As a consequence, Fpeak increases and this probably causes spatiotemporal adjustments in the movement kinematics.     

论美育的超越价值

美育是以＂审美＂为核心的实践体系,内在包含着促进人的＂美感生成＂与审美超越的实践目的观,它以审美体验为途径,以个体的全面发展、自由发展和自主超越为价值旨归,通过培养人的审美意识和审美实践能力,客观上为个体实现＂人的美感生成＂与审美超越准备了实践动力和主体条件。当前的美育实践,需要坚持整体性的观点,从实践基础、实践原则和具体实践策略等方面形成一种＂整体性的影响＂,积极促成美育超越价值的实践转化。     

加入世贸组织对中国银行业的影响与对策

加入WTO对中国金融业产生的积极和消极方面的影响是现实而深远的。入世对中国银行业的影响总体效应是利大于弊。为此 ,我们应积极主动地思考和采取应对措施 ,推进入世后中国银行业的稳定发展     

新中国成立以来中国海外科技人才政策演变历史探析

我国的海外科技人才政策体系经历了从零散到系统的发展过程。本文系统地梳理新中国成立以来中国海外科技人才政策的历史演变脉络,并将其划分为五个阶段,继而概括了各个阶段的政策的主要特点,最后对政策演变历史给我们的启示进行了归纳总结。     

The Impact of an Erasmus Placement in Students’ Perception of their Intercultural Communicative Competence

Pre- and post-questionnaires answered by UK Nottingham Trent University (NTU) and Spain’s University of Salamanca (USAL) students on their placement abroad support a comparative analysis of its impact on their intercultural communicative competence, comprising the awareness, attitude, skills and knowledge dimensions. NTU students started their placements with better results in them all. Yet, while both groups completed their stay with a similarly increased awareness, the knowledge and skills of the USAL group matched the results of NTU students and, whereas the scores of the attitude dimension towards the host country of NTU students did not increase significantly, those of USAL students decreased.     

从儒家视野观照健身气功与和谐社会

运用文献资料研究方法,从儒家视野出发,对健身气功与和谐社会进行观照。和是儒家孜孜以求的至高境界,也是现代文明的价值目标。和谐是一个内涵极为丰富的哲学范畴,是人类永恒的追求。改革开放以来,各种思想、各种人类活动对人类、对自然、对社会都有一定的影响,工业文明带来的资源、环境、人口等社会问题也成为我们不得不直面的课题。在提倡建设和谐社会的当下,运用儒家宝贵的和谐思想对健身气功、社会和谐等问题进行审视具有重要的现实意义。     

2008-2009年全国女排联赛运动员非技术性指标研究

采用文献资料法、数理统计法等,对2008年奥运会前8名球队女排队员与中国俱乐部女排队员的年龄、身高、扣球高度和拦网高度等非技术性指标进行研究,结果显示：俱乐部女排队员的平均身高和扣球高度已达到世界强队的平均水平,拦网高度明显高于世界强队平均水平,队员比较年轻,结构合理,克托莱指数明显低于世界强队的平均水平。各俱乐部之间队员的非技术性指标也存在差异。     

散打运动中摔法运用特点及训练手段分析

文章采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计法和系统分析法等研究方法,通过研究运动员在比赛中的技术运用特点,分析了摔法技术在散打比赛中的作用及相关的技术要求,并进一步探讨提高散打运动中摔法技术成功率的训练方法与手段,为散打教练员指导运动员进行摔法训练提供参考。     

太极拳研究的现状分析

文章通过对《中华武术》、《武林》、《少林与太极》、《武魂》、《武当》等武术专业期刊03-07年以来刊登的关于太极拳方向的共885篇文章进行整理归类,统计各分类数量比例,分析研究相关内容,探讨太极拳研究的现状。