产学研共同体信息共享的形成机理及实现路径

[目的/意义] 随着场景化要素在产学研共同体中渐进地嵌入,使信息共享作为促进产学研共同体成员间协同创新的血液功能越来越明显,激发着产学研共同体价值创造的新动能,使产学研共同体信息共享具有了场景化效用和适配化可能。[方法/过程] 为此,将信息共享场景、信息共享情境纳入产学研共同体信息共享研究之中,从产学研共同体信息共享的内涵出发,发掘了产学研共同体的场景化形成机理,设计了产学研共同体信息共享的实现路径。[结果/结论] 以现有相关文献为基础,咨询产学研共同体领域专家和信息领域专家形成访谈提纲,采用半结构访谈的方法提炼了"企业-高校" "高校-科研机构" "科研机构-企业"3个场景的信息共享适配策略。     

蔡元培高等教育管理思想初探

蔡元培是我国著名教育家,他一生为教育事业作出了巨大贡献.在他的教育生涯中,管理北京大学时的系列举措广为人知."大学以教授高深学问,养成硕学闳才,应国家需要为宗旨."这是蔡元培对大学职能的认识.这样的职能决定了大学要以培养人才和研究学问为中心,并且,大学的管理工作要有利于这两项职能、服务于这两项职能.从蔡元培的人才培养目标入手,根据他在北京大学的一些改革举措,分析了他的管理思想,认为他的管理思想是以培养人才为中心,以教授治校为途径的开放性的、人性化的管理思想.     

Transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx increases aluminum resistance in roots during germination

A transgenic barley line (LSY-11-1-1) with overexpressed Phalaris coerulescens thioredoxin gene (PTrx) was employed to measure the growth, protein oxidation, cell viability, and antioxidase activity in barley roots during germination on the presence of 2 mmol/L AlCl₃ on filter paper. The results show that (1) compared with the non-transgenic barley, LSY-11-1-1 had enhanced root growth, although both were seriously inhibited after AlCl₃ treatment; (2) the degree of protein oxidation and loss of cell viability in roots of LSY-11-1-1 were much less than those in roots of non-transgenic barley, as reflected by lower contents of protein carbonyl and Evans blue uptakes in LSY-11-1-1; (3) activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) in LSY-11-1-1 root tips were generally higher than those in non-transgenic barley root tips, although these antioxidase activities gave a rise to different degrees in both LSY-11-1-1 and non-transgenic barley under aluminum stress. These results indicate that overexpressing PTrx could efficiently protect barley roots from oxidative injury by increasing antioxidase activity, thereby quenching ROS caused by AlCl₃ during germination. These properties raise the possibility that transgenic barley with overexpressed PTrx may be used to reduce the aluminum toxicity in acid soils.     

发展特色鲜明的一般本科院校信息与计算科学专业——以成都信息工程学院为例

成都信息工程学院信息与计算科学专业结合培养目标和社会实际需求,在专业定位上,突出＂数学基础扎实,理工融合＂的特色;在课程设置上,合理设置专业必修课程,优化选修课程,调整理论教学与实验教学的比例,对课程进行模块化设计;在专业实践教学上,建立＂课内实验—课内实验与课外实践—课外实践—综合实践＂的多层次、逐步递进的阶梯型实践教学体系。实践表明,找准专业定位,明确专业办学特色对办好本专业起到至关重要的作用。     

新世纪第一个10年中国教育技术学科的国际交往研究

我国教育技术起步较晚,大部分理念和技术都是从国外引入并逐步加以本土化的。国际交往对于我国教育技术的发展具有很大的作用,作为我国首次全方位关注教育技术国际交往的研究,其意义就更为重要。21世纪以来,我国教育技术领域的国际交往越来越频繁,当前的主要途径有国内师生出访交流,国外学者来华作报告、进行合作交流,对国外学者进行专访对话,学者赴外参加国际会议或国内举办国际会议,以及翻译国外著作等。10年来,随着国际合作内容不断丰富,其研究越来越广泛并走向深入,主要集中在学科发展、远程教育和学习模式等10个领域。这些国际交往使我国教育技术学科地位得到巩固和发展,研究领域得到拓展,研究方法更加科学和规范。评估10年的国际交往,今后更应加强实质性合作研究,提高交流实效,重视国际项目合作,避免停留在表面或流于形式,要以一种平等合作、批判性、包容性的态度进行国际交流和对话。     

对中国教育技术学科发展的再思考:方法、实践与理论

本文基于对方法、实践、理论这三个关乎我国教育技术学科发展的核心问题的思考,提出了三个主要观点:(1)以科学实证的方法指导研究,特别是发展"基于证据的研究";(2)以技术设计的思想指导教学实践和装备发展,同时促进"研究与设计的互动"以及"技术与文化的互动",并由此构建促进不断进步的学与教理论以及催生新的学习文化和教育实践的重要动力系统;(3)自信规范地构建理论体系,梳理多层面的已有理论积累,并在未来的学科发展中更多地增强专业组织的凝聚与导向作用.     

Examining creativity through a virtual reality support system

This study explores the effects of immersive VR on an individual’s creativity and factors related to creativity including flow, attention and meditation (i.e., mental relaxation or stress). Sixty undergraduate students were invited to participate in an open-ended challenge to design a wearable technology functioning as a smart phone individually, either in the immersive VR condition (N?=?30) or in the paper-and-pencil condition (N?=?30). Surveys and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements were used to collect data. Findings showed that the participants in the immersive VR condition had higher quality creative products than those in the paper-and-pencil condition. The sequence analysis of the participants’ EEG brainwaves also showed that the participants in the immersive VR condition maintained a more stable focus or attention, while those in the paper-and-pencil condition were more relaxed. Research results led to a deeper understanding of using a VR support system for individual creativity. Recommendations for the design and application of an immersive VR creativity support system are discussed.     

Learning by starch potato growers: learning in small businesses with no employees

In small businesses with no employees, learning environments have a low learning readiness. Consequently, learners need to rely on their own agency to shape their learning experiences. Results from a study of agricultural entrepreneurs indicated that the components of motivation and self-regulated learning strategies shape learner's agency and explain learning environment configuration in small businesses with no employees. Configuration of the learning environment was found to be a weak determinant of the learning performance of these learners. However, results showed that prior performance of learners in small businesses with no employees dictates how their agency operates and what learning effect is achieved; higher prior performance results in higher learning effects. We conclude that mechanisms that underlie learning in traditional learning environments work similarly in learning environments in small businesses with no employees.     

组织行为学视阈下高校马克思主义大众化实现路径研究——动机激励与态度改变

为了保证马克思主义大众化在高校的顺利推进,除了教师、党团组织等推进主体的努力之外,还必须有接受者即大学生的内在配合。内外因素的共同作用,才能确实、有效地完成这一历史性任务。通过设置目标、满足需求等方式可以激发大学生学习马克思主义理论的动机,通过优化信息传递方式等途径可以改变大学生对待马克思主义理论的态度。充分运用组织行为学的激励理论,将有利于促进马克思主义大众化在高校的有效进行。     

The concept of development and the development of concepts. Education and development in Vygotsky’s thinking

A major theme of Vygotsky’s research in the latter part of his life was the theme of concept formation or conceptual development in child development. He argued that the acquisition of mature scientific (academic) concepts forms the crowning achievement of adolescsence. Mature conceptual thinking positively influences the cognitive domain but also the aesthetic reactions and emotions. Conversely, the breakdown of conceptual thinking in pathology will lead to severe intellectual impairment but also to emotional dullness etc. In this paper it is claimed that this view is highly interesting but a number of criticisms are raised. Specifically, it is argued that (1) the resulting view is overly rationalistic; (2) the notion of scientific concepts seems to imply a somewhat static view of science; and (3) Vygotsky was perhaps too optimistic about the possibility of transfer of scientific (conceptual) thinking to other domains.