论段玉裁的“以声为义”说

段玉裁的“以声为义”说体现在两个方面:“依据声旁,由声求义”;“不限形体,于音得义”。本文就《说文解字注》中的声训条例,对“以声为义”说及其得失作了论述。     

关于《孙子》先于《老子》的一些重要性

:《老子》不仅运用了那些适宜于《孙子》的一般概念 ,而且运用了相对于《孙子》来说几乎是独一无二的特殊术语。从这一证据有可能证明不仅《老子》比《孙子》出现得相对晚一些 ,而且《孙子》对《老子》还有一些影响。     

钱穆的儒家本位文化观述评

本文就中西文化的比较和中国文化的出路两大问题对钱穆的儒家本位文化观进行了探讨和评析。     

从仿效苏联经济模式到探索中国建设道路──毛泽东对中国社会主义现代化道路的可贵探索

本文从三个维面具体论析了毛泽东对于苏联经济模式的初步突破和对于中国式建设道路的积极探索的主要认识成果,指出这种突破和探索的根本意义在于破除对苏联模式的神化和确立走自主发展的中国式建设道路的基本思路;昭示了现代化模式本身的辩证发展观,即社会主义现代模式的结构和功能不是一成不变,而是随着社会生产力发展的需要不断地进行自我革新、自我完善。     

Serial pattern learning of temporal intervals

The problem was to determine how rats adjust the times of their lever responses to repeating sequences of interfood intervals. In Experiment 1, rats were trained on an interval schedule of reinforcement with a 12-element Fleshler-Hoffman series with a mean of 60 sec; the order was as follows: ascending, random with repetition, random with replacement, random without replacement. In Experiment 2, rats were trained with a 10-element ascending or descending series (from 2⁰ to 2⁹ sec), and in a ramp procedure in which these intervals increased and then decreased repeatedly. In the ascending, descending, and ramp conditions (but not in the random conditions), postreinforcement pause (PRP) was a function of the interval. PRP was most highly correlated with an interval later in the series. Theories of conditioning and timing based on the averaging of past experience must be modified to account for such anticipatory behavior.     

Behavior of Infants with Iron-Deficiency Anemia

This study tested the hypothesis that infants with iron-deficiency anemia show behaviors, such as increased proximity to caregivers, increased wariness or hesitance, and decreased activity, that could contribute to “functional isolation.” The behavior of 52 Costa Rican 12- to 23-month-old infants with iron-deficiency anemia was contrasted with that of 139 comparison group infants with better iron status during free play and mental and motor testing and in the home. Infants with iron-deficiency anemia maintained closer contact with caregivers; showed less pleasure and delight; were more wary, hesitant, and easily tired; made fewer attempts at test items; were less attentive to instructions and demonstrations; and were less playful. Adult behavior also differed. The results indicate that iron-deficiency anemia in infancy is associated with alterations in affect and activity, suggesting that functional isolation is a useful framework for understanding poorer developmental outcome in iron-deficiency anemia, the world's most common single nutrient deficiency.     

论现代逻辑的规范性及其问题

现代逻辑的规范性以有效性标准为效力之源 ,但该标准不仅在评估自然语言论证方面缺乏效力 ,而且在处理与生活世界相关的诸论题方面 ,其所预设的题材中立性、形式化理想、封闭世界假定以及逻辑一元论也存在不少理论上的困难。因此 ,现代逻辑对于现代性的建构和批判将难以有所作为     

西方认识论与现代性关系之探讨

认识论和现代性两者之间存在着深层的、内在的关联。这个论题起码包括如下三个方面 :1、 17世纪的科学革命是作为第一哲学的认识论兴起的现代性背景 ;2、与古代认识论相比较 ,作为第一哲学的认识论体现了哲学自身的现代性 ;3、笛卡儿以来的认识论传统和西方现代文化的一些核心观念之间存在着复杂的相互支持的关系     

中国学术之现代性及其历史境遇--以王国维的戏曲研究为例

清末民初 ,王国维不断地尝试在新的学术交流条件下与世界进行对话、并致力于一种“世界学术”的建设 ;但同时 ,域外的学术界却在寻找一种中国本土的声音和学术权威 ,从而最终成就了中国现代戏曲的开创之作———《宋元戏曲史》。考察王国维戏曲研究的历史境遇 ,将有助于我们了解中国现代学术机制的转变 ,并进而反思“现代史观”和“民族主义”等现代学术史中的常见命题     

试析农民离村与乡村观念变革--以20世纪20-30年代的江苏为例

20世纪 2 0— 30年代是近代农民大规模离村的重要时段。本文选取兼具普遍性和典型性的江苏作为考察对象 ,试图从离村对农民传统价值观的冲击以及对农民宗法、家庭观念的改塑等方面 ,来探析农民离村与近代乡村传统观念变革之间的关系 ,并以此透视农民在现代化道路上的多重复杂心态及其社会心理转变。