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31.
How evident is democracy within education in Japan, and is current practice different from elsewhere? This paper assesses the perception that Japanese political and educational practices are not fully 'democratic'. The first part examines the Japanese perspective on democracy, and then considers democracy and education in Japan. From a school-based study, the second part discusses examples of class practice concerning decision-making. The paper concludes that democracy is deeply rooted in Japanese history, but not in a form that is readily recognisable to Western observers. Consensus has been more significant than voting. The view that the US administration had a strong influence probably reflects policy rhetoric, not the reality in schools. But this rhetoric may have led to a belief that 'democracy' is not an appropriate term within contemporary Japanese education. However, what happens in Japanese classrooms equates with 'democratic' practice elsewhere. 相似文献
32.
This paper explores experiences that remained salient in the memories of former participants in three nature-based programs in Colorado, five to forty years after childhood involvement. Interviews with program founders and staff, archival research, and observations of current activities provided an understanding of each program’s history, mission and educational approach. In this context, 18 former participants were interviewed about program experiences that they remembered and program impacts on their environmental identities and academic or career choices. Results were analyzed through the lens of social practice theory, which has significant implications for the design and evaluation of environmental education programs. Results showed that social practice theory is a useful framework for interpreting the development of a social environmental identity, but an ecological identity that forms through direct contact with the natural world is an important complementary concept. 相似文献
33.
Nancy L. Williams Karen H. Larwin 《Journal of Research on Technology in Education》2016,48(3):143-158
This study explores the impact of one-to-one computing on student achievement in Ohio high schools as measured by performance on the Ohio Graduation Test (OGT). The sample included 24 treatment schools that were individually paired with a similar control school. An interrupted time series methodology was deployed to examine OGT data over a period of 5 to 8 years. Overall student performance and content-specific achievement in math, reading, science, social studies, and writing were not significantly affected by the introduction of 1:1 computing. Treatment schools using a netbook device produced the greatest overall change in scores. 相似文献
34.
Robert J.P. Williams 《Endeavour》1984,8(2):65-70
Zinc is as common as iron in biology. It is usually thought to be a trace element required only for catalysis. Here it is shown that the role of zinc is much more fundamental not only in catalysis but in inhibitory control. There may well be several such control elements—calcium, iron, manganese, magnesium, and zinc. 相似文献
35.
Shahron Williams van Rooij 《Education and Information Technologies》2007,12(4):191-209
As institutions of Higher Education try to balance limited resources with the rising costs of technology, some institutions
are turning to Open Source software for campus-wide applications such as course management systems and portals. The assumption
is that Open Source will provide the flexibility to build pedagogically sound learning environments while increasing technology
efficiencies. This paper outlines the current state of Open Source software deployment in US Higher Education based on a survey
of 772 Chief Academic Officers and Chief Information Officers conducted in 2006. The results indicate that Carnegie classification
is a critical differentiator of awareness, adoption, and perceptions of Open Source software applications, with perceived
cost of ownership being the key driver of Open Source adoption. Moreover, the study shows that institutions have made little
progress in the development of polices and procedures for Open Source regulatory compliance and security. The study serves
as a baseline for future research into the conditions for successful use of Open Source for supporting integrated learning
environments that deliver campus-wide efficiencies.
Shahron Williams van Rooij is Assistant Professor of Instructional Technology at George Mason University with a focus on the university’s e-Learning Certificate Program. She holds a Ph.D. in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences from the City University of New York and has just completed a second doctorate in Instructional Technology and Software Information Systems at George Mason University. As a Certified Distance Education Professional (C.D.E.P.) credentialed by Texas A&M University, she is a frequent speaker on the development of Web-based education and has published in a variety of journals such as the WebNet Journal, the Journal of Interactive Learning Research, the Journal of Modern Business, the Marketing Research Review and the Journal of Research on Technology in Education. Prior to joining GMU, she was the Director of Marketing at Datatel, Inc., in Fairfax, VA, where she facilitated the engineering of new e-learning technology solutions. 相似文献
Shahron Williams van RooijEmail: |
Shahron Williams van Rooij is Assistant Professor of Instructional Technology at George Mason University with a focus on the university’s e-Learning Certificate Program. She holds a Ph.D. in Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences from the City University of New York and has just completed a second doctorate in Instructional Technology and Software Information Systems at George Mason University. As a Certified Distance Education Professional (C.D.E.P.) credentialed by Texas A&M University, she is a frequent speaker on the development of Web-based education and has published in a variety of journals such as the WebNet Journal, the Journal of Interactive Learning Research, the Journal of Modern Business, the Marketing Research Review and the Journal of Research on Technology in Education. Prior to joining GMU, she was the Director of Marketing at Datatel, Inc., in Fairfax, VA, where she facilitated the engineering of new e-learning technology solutions. 相似文献
36.
Phonological awareness, phonological memory, and phonological access to lexical storage play important roles in acquiring
literacy. We examined the convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity of these phonological processing abilities (PPA)
in 389 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the validity of each PPA as separate from general
cognitive ability and separate from each other. Multigroup structural equation modeling (SEM) with mean structure demonstrated
that older preschoolers have better developed latent PPA than younger preschoolers but that the structure of PPA is equivalent.
RAN was found uniquely associated with letter knowledge and text discrimination in younger preschoolers, and PA was found
uniquely associated with word reading skills in older preschoolers. Finally, general cognitive ability was only indirectly
associated with emergent literacy via PPA. These results highlight the importance of PPA in the early literacy development
of English-speaking preschool children. 相似文献
37.
It is clear from the extant literature that gender inequities exist in a myriad of ways in science classrooms. Past research, however, has been conducted solely from researchers' observations and has neglected to investigate students' awareness of and reactions to their own experiences. Hence, this study focused on students' perceptions of gender differences in instructional activity and talk about that activity in physics and honors physics classes. Data analysis showed that although teachers may be unaware of gender inequities, students of both sexes are not unaware of such inequities. Females explained their fears of offering their opinions and participating in activities like labs and small-group or whole-class discussions. Differential language patterns were found for males and females, particularly when discussion was structured and rewarded for refutation. Explanations are offered for these disparities and suggestions are given for addressing gender bias in science classrooms. It has been well documented that science classrooms are not gender fair (Bazler & Simonis, 1991; Bianchini, 1993; Tobin, 1988). Teachers, texts, and the forms of instruction they perpetuate contribute to gender inequities in science instruction. For example, research tracing changes in science textbooks over time has shown that current texts have failed to eliminate barriers to women in science (Bianchini, 1993). Science textbooks are criticized for their unequal treatment of genders, with illustrations, photos, and texts of males far outnumbering those of females, despite the approximate 50/50 male/female ratio of our population (Bazler & Simonis, 1991). In addition to the proclivity of science textbooks to favor males, researchers speculate that the tendency for boys to achieve higher than girls in science may be a result of more opportunity to engage in academic tasks (Tobin & Garnett, 1987). Their behavior shows that teachers have differential expectations for students' responses in activities like teacher-led discussion. In teacher-led, whole-class discussion, boys are spoken to more frequently and are asked more higher-order questions (Becker, 1991; Hall & Sadler, 1982). Teachers in science classrooms elaborate more on males' responses than females' responses in large-group discussion of scientific concepts (Jones & Wheatley, 1990). © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
38.
Janice E. Williams 《Psychology in the schools》1996,33(2):159-162
Test anxiety among academically talented high school students (N = 103) was explored in this study. Two components of test anxiety were assessed: a cognitive component (worry) and a physiological component (emotionality). The results indicated that these students suffered from test anxiety, and that higher anxiety was related to lower science performance. Overall, females reported more test anxiety than did males. Whereas females experienced higher worry than emotionality, males reported little difference between the two anxiety components. Implications for college-bound students are discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
39.
This 5-year follow-up study examined the predictive validity of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) for 39 children identified during preschool as exhibiting language impairment (n = 10), behavior control deficits (n = 13), or normal language and behavioral development (n = 16). Mean age at follow-up was 9.75 years. The results generally supported the predictive validity of the K-ABC (p<.001). However, analyses by group indicated that the relationship between baseline K-ABC and follow-up K-ABC, language, and achievement measures for the language-impaired subjects was weak (p>.05). Although these results must be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size, they suggest that for young children likely to be referred as at risk for future learning problems, the K-ABC may not be useful for prediction of later cognitive skills. Implications for practitioners are discussed. 相似文献
40.
Ronald C. Eaves Phyllis Williams Katherine Winchester Craig Darch 《Psychology in the schools》1994,31(4):261-272
This study investigated the relative merits of using teacher judgment and the Slosson Full-Range Intelligence Test to estimate the math and reading achievement of students in a summer remedial-reading program. The subjects included children in grades kindergarten through six who were enrolled in the Auburn University Summer Clinic. Components analyses showed that the Slosson Full-Range Intelligence Test recovered substantially more variance from the distributions of the KeyMath-Revised and the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised than did teacher judgments. Analysis of variance showed that significant differences between the means of the three tests resulted from the inclusion of students with learning disabilities. Implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献