The development of a performance evaluation instrument for upward evaluation of supervisors by subordinates

The performance evaluation of a supervisor usually relies solely on the observations and judgments of the supervisor's supervisor. However, the validity of performance evaluations could be unproved if a variety of sources were consulted: One of these sources is the supervisor's subordinate. This article provides a detailed discussion of how a valid and reliable instrument for upward appraisal was developed at the Dayton-Montgomery County (Ohio) Public Library.     

The school closure issue and the Chicano community: A follow-up study of theAngeles case

The present study is a follow-up study of theAngeles school closure case in which three predominantly Chicano elementary schools in Santa Barbara, California were closed due to declining enrollment in the District. Nearly 600 Chicano children were dispersed to five predominantly Anglo schools. The plaintiffs were a group of Chicano parents and their children, claiming the exclusive burden of the closures was placed on minorities. The present study is an attempt to investigate several adverse effects hypotheses predicted at the trial by the author who testified as an expert witness. Specifically, four major hypotheses were investigated that dealt with psychological maladjustment, academic decline, parental involvement decline, and adverse community impact. The subjects of the study were 50 respondent Mexican American mothers, randomly chosen from the closed schools' population. The respondents were primarily Spanish-speaking and of very low socioeconomic status. Based on the results of a comprehensive home interview, it was concluded that there is convincing evidence that the closures have indeed created a significant burden on a large majority of the children and their families. The long term implications of the closures are complex, but there is a strong possibility that the adverse impact of the closures will increase the already high probability of school problems and failure for the affected children as they progress through the educational system.     

The Struggling Writer: Strategies for Teaching

There has been a great deal of interest in the diagnosis of, and strategies for supporting struggling readers but comparatively little to help guide teachers of struggling writers. Richard Fox tries to remedy this and introduces us to a useful analysis of some of the problems which might beset young writers. He goes on to suggest possible strategies for helping these children make progress.