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171.
ABSTRACTThis study analysed 10 top-performing regions in PISA 2015 on their science performances and instructional practices. The regions include Singapore, Japan, Estonia, Taipei, Finland, Macao, Canada, Hong Kong, China and Korea. The science performances of the 10 regions and their teaching practices are described and compared. The construct of enquiry-based instruction as developed in PISA 2015 is revised into two new constructs using factor analysis. Then, the relationships of the teaching practices with science performance are analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. Adaptive instruction, teacher-directed instruction and interactive application are found positively associated with performance in all regions, while investigation and perceived feedback are all negative. The regions except Japan and Korea tend to have a high frequency of teacher-directed instruction facilitated by more or less authoritative class discussion in class. A fair amount of practical work is done, but not many of them are investigations. The cultural influences on teaching practices are discussed on how an amalgam of didactic and constructivist pedagogy is created by the Western progressive educational philosophy meeting the Confucian culture. The reasons for investigation’s negative association with performance are also explored. 相似文献
172.
173.
This paper presents a numerical study of DC-biased AC-electrokinetic (DC-biased ACEK) flow over a pair of symmetrical electrodes. The flow mechanism is based on a transverse conductivity gradient created through incipient Faradaic reactions occurring at the electrodes when a DC-bias is applied. The DC biased AC electric field acting on this gradient generates a fluid flow in the form of vortexes. To understand more in depth the DC-biased ACEK flow mechanism, a phenomenological model is developed to study the effects of voltage, conductivity ratio, channel width, depth, and aspect ratio on the induced flow characteristics. It was found that flow velocity on the order of mm/s can be produced at higher voltage and conductivity ratio. Such rapid flow velocity is one of the highest reported in microsystems technology using electrokinetics. 相似文献
174.
175.
How can we best extend DIF research to performance assessment? What are the issues and problems surrounding studies of DIF on complex tasks? What appear to be the best approaches at this time? 相似文献
176.
Y.-F. Lam 《Journal of The Franklin Institute》1974,298(1):1-7
We present a discussion on the definitions and characterizations of the four basic types of time-invariant electrical network elements, namely: resistors, inductors, capacitors and memristors, including the nonlinear multiport cases. 相似文献
177.
In response to several major curriculum reforms in Hong Kong since 2000, schools were required to initiate policies that catered
for learner diversity. As well academic achievement, the reforms also emphasized the affective and social outcomes of the
learning experience. A whole-school approach to learner diversity includes students with low academic achievement and mild
disabilities, with schools being free to develop policies and practices inline with the needs of the students, teachers, and
parents. Against the Chinese cultural context, where high academic achievement is highly valued, this study describes the
affective and social outcomes of students in one Hong Kong primary school that streamed students according to achievement
level. Four hundred and ten students across Primary 3–5 responded to four instruments measuring academic self-concept, alienation from school, teacher–students relationship, and social integration. The responses showed that, when studying the regular curriculum, students in the low-achievement group reported greater
levels of alienation and lowest levels of social integration compared with students with the highest levels of achievement.
On the other hand, low-achieving students who studied a differentiated curriculum reported affective and social outcomes more
consistent with the responses from the high-achieving students. The results suggest that there is a mismatch between the aims
and practice of the educational policy reflecting learner diversity and the cultural expectations of both parents and students. 相似文献
178.
This paper deals with the issue of competitive advantage among high-tech industries in emerging markets. It is argued that, for high-tech multi-national companies (MNCs) competing in emerging markets, technology leadership generates some very important competitive advantage that past research has not studied sufficiently. Data from 408 foreign-funded firms competing in China's telecommunications equipment industry provides convincing evidence supporting this argument. The results of this study highlight the need for high-tech firms to maintain technology leadership in international markets, including emerging markets. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of the findings. 相似文献
179.
180.
In two studies, we investigated how beliefs in the effort–ability relationship moderated the effects of effort praise on student motivation. Study 1 showed that the more the participants believed that effort and ability were related positively (the positive rule) versus related negatively (the inverse rule), the more they would have positive self-evaluation and intrinsic motivation after effort praise. Study 2, with participants’ beliefs manipulated by a priming procedure, showed that the participants in the positive rule condition had better self-evaluation and more intrinsic motivation after effort praise than their counterparts did in the inverse rule condition. The results of the two studies converged to indicate that the motivational effects of effort praise depend on beliefs in the effort–ability relationship. 相似文献