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OBJECTIVES: To determine the self-reported prevalence of child and partner physical and emotional abuse in the north of Portugal and to investigate attitudes about these forms of family violence. METHODS: Data were collected by questionnaire from a representative sample of parents in two-parent families with children under the age of 18 years. A total of 2,391 parents participated (1,057 males), aged 20-67 years. Four questionnaires were used, one behavioral and one attitudinal, for each of the forms of abuse: child and partner. RESULTS: At least one act of emotional or physical abuse towards a child during the previous year was reported by 25.9% of participants (12.3% reported physically abusive and 22.4% emotionally abusive acts). Abuse of a partner was reported by 26.2% of participants; at least one act of physical abuse during the previous year was reported by 12% and of emotional abuse by 23.7%. The attitudinal data, however, showed general disapproval of the use of violence, both for disciplining children and within marital relationships. The degree of self-reported support for physical punishment was higher in participants who reported using abusive behavior. Females more commonly reported acts of child abuse, and males reported acts of partner abuse. Both forms of self-reported abuse showed an association with low educational and socio-economic status. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study in Portugal to analyze family violence through self-report using a representative sample. The findings indicate that child and partner abuse constitute a significant problem in the region of northern Portugal. The discrepancy between the self-reported behavioral and attitudinal data may reflect conflicts in Portuguese society, which is undergoing substantial cultural changes. 相似文献
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Simone Zerah Janet McMurray Andrea Rita Horvath 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2012,22(3):272-273
We need a common name to have a clear identity which best describes the scope of the work we carry out for the patients.A clear and easily understood name which reflects the level of education and training of a specialist in the medical laboratory, and hence eligibility to be on the EC4 Register, is therefore needed, whatever academic background and whether polyvalent or sub-specialised. 相似文献
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Rita C. Richey 《Performance Improvement Quarterly》1995,8(3):96-110
Currently, instructional design theorists are generating new enhancements of traditional design models on both macro and micro levels. This paper summarizes the anticipated changes in instructional design models that will result from today's theoretical activity. It addresses issues such as linearity in the design process, enhanced roles of analysis and evaluation, and the new emphasis on learner control and transfer of training. These model enhancements are being influenced by new interpretations of general systems theory and cognitive learning theory, constructivism, chaos theory, and situated cognition. Predicted model changes also reflect the impact of the new technologies, designer decision-making research, and the performance technology and total quality management movements. These and other intellectual forces are likely to produce diverse models for future designers. 相似文献
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Rita Christopher S. V. Suresh Babu L. Nirmala G. R. Rangaswamy C. P. Narayan K. Taranath Shetty 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》1999,14(2):198-206
Maple Syrup Urine Disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in the activity of the branched-chain
α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. This rare disorder represents one of the causes of acute neonatal illness which results
in devastating disturbances of neurological development. On investigation of 1750 infants with neurological impairment for
inborn errors of amino acid metabolism, 4 neonates with classical maple syrup urine disease were detected. These otherwise
normal neonates presented in the first week after birth with seizures, lethargy and refusal of feeds, hypoglycemia and metabolic
acidosis. The plasma and urine concentrations of the branched-chain amino acids were increased and there was ketoaciduria.
Two of these neonates expired before specific treatment could be instituted. Routine biochemical screening of neonates with
acute illness could unearth many cases of this rare inherited metabolic disease. 相似文献
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Faigenbaum AD Milliken LA Loud RL Burak BT Doherty CL Westcott WL 《Research quarterly for exercise and sport》2002,73(4):416-424
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 1 and 2 days per week of strength training on upper body strength, lower body strength, and motor performance ability in children. Twenty-one girls and 34 boys between the ages of 7.1 and 12.3 years volunteered to participate in this study. Participants strength trained either once per week (n = 22) or twice per week (n = 20) for 8 weeks at a community-based youth fitness center. Each training session consisted of a single set of 10-15 repetitions on 12 exercises using child-size weight machines. Thirteen children who did not strength train served as age-matched controls. One repetition maximum (1RM) strength on the chest press and leg press, handgrip strength, long jump, vertical jump, and flexibility were assessed at baseline and posttraining. Only participants who strength trained twice per week made significantly greater gains in 1RM chest press strength, compared to the control group (11.5 and 4.4% respectively, p < .05). Participants who trained once and twice per week made gains in 1RM leg press strength (14.2 and 24.7%, respectively) that were significantly greater than control group gains (2.4%). On average, participants who strength trained once per week achieved 67% of the 1RM strength gains. No significant differences between groups were observed on other outcome measures. These findings support the concept that muscular strength can be improved during the childhood years and favor a training frequency of twice per week for children participating in an introductory strength training program. 相似文献