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Three studies examined the role of stereotype threat in boys' academic underachievement. Study 1 (children aged 4–10, n = 238) showed that girls from age 4 years and boys from age 7 years believed, and thought adults believed, that boys are academically inferior to girls. Study 2 manipulated stereotype threat, informing children aged 7–8 years (n = 162) that boys tend to do worse than girls at school. This manipulation hindered boys' performance on a reading, writing, and math test, but did not affect girls' performance. Study 3 counteracted stereotype threat, informing children aged 6–9 years (n = 184) that boys and girls were expected to perform similarly. This improved the performance of boys and did not affect that of girls. 相似文献
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Robbie W. Christler Tourse 《International journal for the advancement of counseling》1987,10(1):45-58
This article focuses on the recruitment and retention of students of color in Western universities. It highlights concepts and strategies which have been effective in recruiting and counseling students who are racial minorities. The content is based on the author's experience in practice over the past six years and is supported by literature, empirical data, and interviews. Vignettes related to work done with students of color are incorporated within the body of the paper.Although the article is derived from work the author has performed at an American university, the implications and conclusions of that work should be of interest to all Western institutions of higher learning that recruit and want to retain students of color in their respective academic environments. 相似文献
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Human performance technology (HPT) is an area of professional practice most often found in the business world rather than in education. As adjunct professors at several universities, we have incorporated the principles of HPT into our classes. This article describes some of the courses where we have used aspects and models of HPT to teach students about subject areas in business. In addition, an entire graduate program based on HPT has been started at ITSON University in Mexico. 相似文献