Facts and Theories of Neuromuscular Relaxation

Despite the seeming conviction that sport promotes ethical values, many paradoxes in sport ethics exist. To overcome some of these problems, attempts need to be made to activate some catalysts that might lead to an ethical mobilization in sport. Extensive inquiry into the concerns of ethics, professional preparation programs for coaches, school education programs, national governance, media coverage, and mobilization of professional forces are suggested as possible approaches for achieving ethics in sport.     

Moving Toward the Quality of Life

The practice of the self-defense martial arts has much to offer physical education. In this paper we draw on Pierre Bourdieu's sociological theory of the Logic of Practice to present a case that when viewed as a social practice, these movement forms generate certain, specific, practically oriented schemes of dispositions or habitus in the practitioner. We then consider the potential value of using matia1 arts practice in physical education for their ability to offer a glimpse at genuinely alternative ways of relating to oneself and the world through the physical mediunm that would help to compliment and offset the overriding domninance of dualist understandings of the mind /body nexus that currently exists in Western physical education.     

Past and future research on learning hierarchies 1

Several areas of research on learning hierarchies are identified. It is proposed that the first of these, investigating the validity of hierarchies, should now be considered virtually at an end because of the increased support for hierarchies provided by the evidence of recent studies. A brief discussion is given of the few studies that have been performed in six other areas. General recommendations are made for future research on hierarchies, and some plans are suggested for specific investigations.