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71.
Robin Simmons 《牛津教育评论》2016,42(6):692-706
This paper revisits the liberal studies movement, a significant feature of the English further education (FE) sector from the 1950s until the beginning of the 1980s. Its central argument is that liberal and general studies (LS/GS) and similar provision offered a vehicle where, at least in some circumstances, certain politically-motivated FE teachers were able to engage in forms of mutual, dialogic teaching and learning which can be conceptualised as critical pedagogy—or at least as close to critical pedagogy as can be achieved within the formal education system in a nation such as England. The paper draws on interviews with former FE lecturers who taught various forms of liberal studies to vocational students in FE colleges across England during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. Whilst it is recognised that LS/GS was always contested terrain, data presented in this paper provide evidence to suggest that the spirit of critical pedagogy existed amongst a certain strand within the liberal studies movement, at least for a time—even if not all learners wished to be emancipated by their studies. 相似文献
72.
73.
Robin Wills Sue Kilpatrick Biddy Hutton 《British Journal of Sociology of Education》2006,27(3):277-291
This research investigated social and academic outcomes from single‐sex classrooms in a Tasmanian coeducational government primary school. Interviews, observations and surveys formed the basis of the evidence. Teachers, parents and children reported positive benefits from the class organisation, but these differed according to gender. Staff identified increased confidence and higher self‐esteem among girls, whereas boys developed increased motivation and more commitment to schoolwork. Teachers and parents noted that boys’ accountability and self‐discipline improved. Teachers adopted different strategies from those used with mixed‐gender classes and gained higher levels of satisfaction from teaching, attributable to increased children’s time ‘on task’. Paradoxically, standardised school testing indicated no increase in academic achievements. However, there may be an extended lag between establishing changed social relationships and measurable academic outcomes, suggesting that if the new class structure is to achieve its full potential, it should be established early in primary school and continue to adolescence. 相似文献
74.
Starting from problems of knowledge application in the context of vocational school training in business administration, an
instructional approach based on worked-out examples was developed. The effectiveness of additional instructional measures
(e.g. an elaboration training) was investigated experimentally. Together with teachers, the approach was adapted to conditions
of regular book-keeping lessons at vocational school; then it was implemented and evaluated in practice. The positive results
of the first evaluation study in which applicable knowledge was fostered were replicated in additional evaluation studies
in which some aspects of the approach were optimised. The main results of the evaluation studies underline the effectiveness
of example-based learning and teaching. Furthermore they show that this approach can be transferred successfully to vocational
school lessons. In the general discussion, recommendations for further improving and successfully implementing example-based
lessons are given.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
75.
76.
Robert N. Emde Robert Plomin JoAnn Robinson Robin Corley John DeFries David W. Fulker J. Steven Reznick Joseph Campos Jerome Kagan Carolyn Zahn-Waxler 《Child development》1992,63(6):1437-1455
200 pairs of twins were assessed at 14 months of age in the laboratory and home. Measures were obtained of temperament, emotion, and cognition/language. Comparisons between identical and fraternal twin correlations suggest that individual differences are due in part to heritable influences. For temperament, genetic influence was significant for behavioral observations of inhibition to the unfamiliar, tester ratings of activity, and parental ratings of temperament. For emotion, significant genetic influence was found for empathy and parental ratings of negative emotion. The estimate of heritability for parental report of expression of negative emotions was relatively high, whereas that for expression of positive emotions was low, a finding consistent with previous research. For cognition and language, genetic influence was significant for behavioral indices of spatial memory, categorization, and word comprehension. Shared rearing environment appears influential for parental reports of language and for positive emotions, but not for other measures of emotion or for temperament. 相似文献
77.
78.
Robin Barrow 《Interchange》2006,37(4):287-307
The paper argues that 100 years of empirical research into teaching has failed to provide a usable account of best practice.
This is partly because of conceptual and other logical problems that cannot in practice be resolved, as has been argued before.
However, it is further argued that the real reason that no useful rules of good teaching can be established is that there
are no substantive and important rules covering human interactions such as teaching.
It is not that science cannot get the answers; rather it is that there are not any answers, and that is why there is not a
science of teaching. Every teaching event is unique and the way to determine good practice is to be clear about what one is
trying to achieve and to know one’s particular audience. This is not simply sound practical advice, but logically the only
path to knowledge in this area. 相似文献
79.
80.
Michele H. Brenneman Robin D. Morris Marlyne Israelian 《Psychology in the schools》2007,44(2):171-181
A dearth of research has investigated the language preference of bilingual childhood populations and its subsequent relationship to reading skills. The current study evaluated how a sequential bilingual student's choice of language, in a particular environmental context, predicted reading ability in English and Spanish. The participants were Latino children ranging in age from 7 years, 5 months, to 11 years, 6 months, with 43% born in the United States. Results showed a relationship between a child's higher English language preference for media and for communication with others outside the family and better reading skills in English. Language preference differences predicted reading abilities better for English than for Spanish. Results suggested that sequential bilingual children's language preference may be a useful marker of English language (second language [L2]) facility and use that is related to their reading proficiency or influences the development of English reading skills in such bilingual children in the United States. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 44: 171–181, 2007. 相似文献