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961.
The effect of interference treatments on pigeons’ working memory for event duration was investigated, using a successive matching-to-sample procedure. In three experiments, birds were trained to match different keylight durations (2 or 6 sec) to different comparison colors (red or green) following delays of 0 to 12 sec. The interfering effect of delay-interval illumination and illumination change was assessed in Experiments 1 and 2. It was found that the absolute levels of houselight illumination influenced delayed matching accuracy. Birds trained with houselight illumination showed larger decrements in matching accuracy with increasing delays than did birds trained with darkened delay intervals. In addition, increases in delay-interval illumination relative to baseline produced greater interference with delayed matching accuracy than did decreases in houselight illumination relative to baseline. In Experiment 3, the effect of interpolated instructional cues to remember or forget was examined. As in other directed forgetting experiments employing conventional modality characteristics as the samples to be remembered, it was found that instructional cues to forget, presented during the delay interval, reduced matching accuracy compared to instructional cues to remember. It was concluded that these findings support models of temporal memory that assume temporal information is coded into categorical information onto some nontime dimension over models that assume temporal information is remembered amodally as specific time durations. 相似文献
962.
Roger Bland 《Cultural Trends》2005,14(4):257-296
This paper looks at the evolution of a new approach to an old problem—that of protecting the heritage of moveable archaeological objects—‘portable antiquities’—in England and Wales. It sets out a brief history of attempts to bring forward legislation to protect such finds, charts the rise of metal detecting as an activity and describes the successful process of changing government policy through the Treasure Act 1996. This led to the Portable Antiquities Scheme which has now received full government funding. The paper looks at how this was achieved through the development of what has been described as the largest community archaeology project in the country, which is starting to change public attitudes towards objects from the past. These two initiatives have in fact started to lead to a change in public attitude towards material from the past. 相似文献
963.
Roger Pizarro Milian Linda Quirke 《Educational Studies A Journal of the American Educational Studies Association》2017,53(4):342-358
Conventional wisdom within the sociology of education and organizations posits that schools achieve legitimacy by conforming to institutionalized norms and mimicking the actions of successful peers. Recent work on non-elite private schools (NEPS) shows that this institutional type may serve as an exception to this logic, generally adopting what can be perceived as illegitimate forms and practices. We conduct a mixed-methods analysis of the promotional profiles of 204 NEPS located within Ontario, Canada. We ask: How does this unorthodox organizational population carve a space for itself within a fiercely competitive and centuries-old market? Our findings illustrate that these schools engage in niche-seeking behavior, specifically catering to changing parental preferences for a caring consumer ethos with more holistic forms of child development. More broadly, they employ rhetorical strategies (e.g., fostering confidence and global-mindedness) that render their efficiency beyond the scope of verification by potential consumers. We interpret these empirical findings through the lens of contemporary theorizing within organizational sociology. 相似文献
964.
私立高等教育与公共政策:私立高等教育在经济现代化过程中的角色 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
每个国家都把维护其高等教育的利益视为首要的任务 .在一个正在现代化的经济中 ,“充分教育”就如同充分就业一样已经成为实现社会和个人价值的潜在目标。私立高等教育是实现充分教育的一种理想途径 ,它不但为高等教育增加了资源而且拓宽了招生途径。当然 ,私立高等教育也存在许多不足 ,甚至还存在一些质量问题。公共政策应该保护私立高等教育的利益 ,减少其弊端。对实施“充分教育”的私立大学给予法律的保护 ,为其学生提供资助。公共政策的目标是确保公私立高等教育的共同发展 相似文献
965.
Roger Azevedo Daniel C. Moos Jeffrey A. Greene Fielding I. Winters Jennifer G. Cromley 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》2008,56(1):45-72
We examined how self-regulated learning (SRL) and externally-facilitated self-regulated learning (ERL) differentially affected
adolescents’ learning about the circulatory system while using hypermedia. A total of 128 middle-school and high school students
with little prior knowledge of the topic were randomly assigned to either the SRL or ERL condition. Learners in the SRL condition
regulated their own learning, while learners in the ERL condition had access to a human tutor who facilitated their self-regulated
learning. We converged product (pretest-posttest shifts in students’ mental models and declarative knowledge measures) with process (think-aloud protocols) data to examine the effectiveness of self- versus externally-facilitated regulated learning. Findings
revealed that learners in the ERL condition gained statistically significantly more declarative knowledge and that a greater
number of participants in this condition displayed a more advanced mental model on the posttest. Verbal protocol data indicated
that learners in the ERL condition regulated their learning by activating prior knowledge, engaging in several monitoring
activities, deploying several effective strategies, and engaging in adaptive help-seeking. By contrast, learners in the SRL
condition used ineffective strategies and engaged in fewer monitoring activities. Based on these findings, we present design
principles for adaptive hypermedia learning environments, engineered to foster students’ self-regulated learning about complex
and challenging science topics.
Roger Azevedo is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Memphis. His research interests include the role of self-regulated learning about challenging science topics with open-ended learning environments and using computers as metacognitive tools for enhancing learning. Daniel C. Moos is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Education at Gustavus Adolphus College. His research interests include the role of prior knowledge and motivation, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Jeffrey A. Greene is an Assistant Professor in the School of Education at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research interests include the epistemic and ontologic cognition, quantitative methods, cognition and learning, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Fielding I. Winters is a doctoral student in the Department of Human Development at the University of Maryland. Her research interests include students’ learning about science with computer-based learning environments. Jennifer G. Cromley is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychological Studies in Education at Temple University. Her research interests include the reading comprehension, adolescent literacy, applied educational statistics and measurement, and self-regulated learning. 相似文献
Roger AzevedoEmail: |
Roger Azevedo is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Memphis. His research interests include the role of self-regulated learning about challenging science topics with open-ended learning environments and using computers as metacognitive tools for enhancing learning. Daniel C. Moos is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Education at Gustavus Adolphus College. His research interests include the role of prior knowledge and motivation, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Jeffrey A. Greene is an Assistant Professor in the School of Education at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. His research interests include the epistemic and ontologic cognition, quantitative methods, cognition and learning, and self-regulated learning with computer-based learning environments. Fielding I. Winters is a doctoral student in the Department of Human Development at the University of Maryland. Her research interests include students’ learning about science with computer-based learning environments. Jennifer G. Cromley is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychological Studies in Education at Temple University. Her research interests include the reading comprehension, adolescent literacy, applied educational statistics and measurement, and self-regulated learning. 相似文献
966.
Frank R. Dillon Roger L. Worthington Holly Bielstein Savoy S. Craig Rooney Ann Becker‐Schutte Rachael M. Guerra 《Counselor Education & Supervision》2004,43(3):162-178
The authors present a qualitative analysis of a process by which a research team of counselors‐in‐training confronted their heterosexist biases while investigating heterosexual attitudes toward sexual minorities. Members of the research team discovered that it was essential to reflect on and evaluate their attitudes, assumptions, and biases before they could conduct scientific research about affirmative attitudes toward lesbian, gay male, and bisexual male and female individuals. Self‐reflective narratives written by each research team member were analyzed using consensual qualitative research methodology. Results yielded 10 general categories or themes. Implications for counseling theory, training, and future research are discussed. 相似文献
967.
Roger Hewitt 《Zeitschrift für Erziehungswissenschaft》2007,10(1):49-60
This paper places religious and value diversity in education in the context of (a) the relation of religion to the state;
(b) the relation of the contemporary European state to modernity and secularisation; and (c) the relation of religious education
to specific communities and community practices. It raises these issues drawing on recent educational and non-educational
research relating to several European countries. Secularist ways of construing issues of religious diversity have existed
alongside concern with the increasing multicultural nature of society. Education, both state-supported and non-state-supported,
of ethnic/religious minorities is of crucial importance. The categorisation of religious belief as an essentially private
matter raises the question of the content of religious instruction in schools. It can also have an impact on the different
ways in which greater democratic participation for ethnic minority groups is achieved. 相似文献
968.
Ginger A. Moore Ashley L. Hill-Soderlund Cathi B. Propper Susan D. Calkins W. Roger. Mills-Koonce and Martha J. Cox 《Child development》2009,80(1):209-223
Parents' physiological regulation may support infants' regulation. Mothers ( N = 152) and 6-month-old male and female infants were observed in normal and disrupted social interaction. Affect was coded at 1-s intervals and vagal tone measured as respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). Maternal sensitivity was assessed in free play. Mothers and infants showed opposite patterns of RSA change. During disrupted interaction, mothers' RSA increased and infants' decreased, suggesting self-regulation of distress. During reunion, although the typical pattern was for infants to return to baseline levels, infants of sensitive mothers and sensitive mothers both showed a significant decrease in RSA from baseline. Mothers' and infants' physiological responses may be a function of mutual responsiveness. 相似文献
969.
In this study, we used think-aloud verbal protocols to examine how various macro-level processes of self-regulated learning (SRL; e.g., planning, monitoring, strategy use, handling of task difficulty and demands) were associated with the acquisition of a sophisticated mental model of a complex biological system. Numerous studies examine how specific micro-level SRL processes such as judgments of learning or prior knowledge activation are related to learning outcomes. However, it is also valuable to look at these processes in macro-level aggregates because efficacy and use of micro-level strategies can vary due to individual differences. Two hundred and nineteen high-school and middle-school students produced think-aloud protocols while learning with a hypermedia environment. We transcribed and coded participants’ learning sessions for the use of micro- and macro-level SRL processes. Participants’ developmental level, prior knowledge, and monitoring behaviors were associated with posttest mental model sophistication. These results illustrate that monitoring is a key SRL process when developing an understanding of a complex science topic using hypermedia. 相似文献
970.