Socioscientific Issues Thinking and Action in the Midst of Science-in-the-Making

Science & Education - Like all SSI, the COVID-19 pandemic requires decisions that are contentious, involve scientific thinking, and vary across social groups. This investigation determined how...     

Neonatal Stress Reactivity: Predictions to Later Emotional Temperament

To investigate the relations among popular measures of neonatal stress and their link to subsequent temperament, 50 full-term newborns from a normal care nursery were examined responding to a heelstick blood draw. Baseline and heelstick measures of behavioral state, heart period, vagal tone, and salivary cortisol were obtained. Recovery measures of behavioral and cardiac activity were also analyzed. Mothers completed Rothbart's Infant Behavior Questionnaire when their infants reached 6 months of age. Baseline vagal tone predicted cortisol in response to the heelstick, suggesting that baseline vagal tone reflects the infants' ability to react to stressors. Greater reactivity to the heelstick (more crying, shorter heart periods, lower vagal tone, and higher cortisol) was associated with lower scores on "Distress-to-Limitations" temperament at 6 months. This finding was consistent with the expectation that the capacity to react strongly to an aversive stimulus would reflect better neurobehavioral organization in the newborn. Recovery measures of cardiac activity approximated and were correlated with baseline measures indicating the strong self-righting properties of the healthy newborn. Finally, vagal tone and salivary cortisol measures were not significantly related, suggesting the importance of assessing both systems in studies of the ontogeny of stress-temperament relations.     

Observations on an introductory engineering course and suggestions for enhancement

This paper considers an introductory engineering course that surveys engineering success, engineering design and ethics, EXCEL and MATLAB. Concerns and comments of students who took the course are addressed by employing existing successful theories of learning applied in similar situations and observing the students' characteristics and performance. The course improvements include early lectures by the instructor on engineering design and design tools and stressing the need for EXCEL and MATLAB. The improvements also include the assignment of problems in calculus and physics to be solved with EXCEL and MATLAB, the focus on issues according to the interests of students in the different engineering disciplines, and the emphasis on oral and writing presentation skills. Further, the improvements include the motivation of students in understanding the ABET engineering criteria and in developing enthusiasm towards their engineering studies.