The national biological information infrastructure as an E-government tool

Coordinated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Biological Information Infrastructure (NBII) is a Web-based system that provides access to data and information on the nation’s biological resources. Although it was begun in 1993, predating any formal E-Government initiative, the NBII typifies the E-Government concepts outlined in the President’s Management Agenda, as well as in the proposed E-Government Act of 2002. This article—an individual case study and not a broad survey with extensive references to the literature—explores the structure and operation of the NBII in relation to several emerging trends in E-Government: end-user focus, defined and scalable milestones, public-private partnerships, alliances with stakeholders, and interagency cooperation.     

对运动心理学中关于应激、唤醒和焦虑概念的思考

采用文献资料法,对文献进行整理,对应激、唤醒和焦虑的概念进行探讨,旨在阐明三者之间的关系。应激是一个过程而绝非一种状态,唤醒可以是应激过程中的某种状态,而焦虑是心理唤醒水平中的一个部分。在一定范围内可以用焦虑水平来反映唤醒水平,但它决不能代替唤醒概念的全部。     

Text memory: Recalling Twice,using different perspectives

Three hundred College students read a 760 word text under one of two instructed perspectives. After full recall, an additional recall (squeeze) was requested under either the same (unchanged) or the alternative perspective. The first recall confirmed earlier results: a strong bias towards perspective related ideas. The second recall yielded substantial additional material. It was expecially effective in recalling alternative perspective related ideas and this most markedly so if the instructions were to recall using the alternative perspective. These results confirm and complement the results of Anderson & Pichert (1978) in so far as it is both the chance of a second recall as well as the change in perspective that raises the amount of recalled material.     

A Retrospective View of the National Board Certification Process

National Board Certification (NBC) is a voluntary yet advanced teaching credential that goes beyond the typical state licensure requirement (NEA, 2015 National Education Association (NEA). (2015). National Board Certification of Teachers. Retrieved from http://www.nea.org/home/31738.htm [Google Scholar]). The purpose of this study is to determine the perspectives of teachers who have completed and achieved NBC, and specifically how it has impacted them as classroom teachers. Using data collected via a survey, this study provides an overview of the perspectives of 496 National Board Certified Teachers centered on the Five Core Propositions of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards. The findings of this study revealed statistical significance on teachers’ reported growth in areas such as leadership, effective instruction, and subject mastery as a result of NBC. Findings also suggest positive change on each of the Five Core Propositions, such as "teachers are committed to students and their learning," as reported by teachers.     

How students use distance teaching materials: an institutional study

Despite the growth of distance education, little systematic knowledge is available concerning the ways in which students use the distance teaching materials provided to them. Using the diary as the data‐gathering instrument and a sample of twenty‐five students, answers were sought to several questions on the ways in which students use the materials, especially in relation to use of time, the range of materials consulted, the self‐assessment activities undertaken, and the sequence in which materials are studied. The results are summarised and discussed. While these have an interest specific to the Institute of Advanced Education at James Cook University, it is felt that they may also be of interest to the wider distance‐teaching community, since this was an A.S.P.ES.A.‐sponsored project.