Differential Ability Scales – Second Edition (neuro)psychological predictors of math performance for typical children and Children with Math Disabilities

Concerns about the ability‐achievement discrepancy method for specific learning disability (SLD) determination led to alternative research‐based methods, such as failure to respond to intervention. Neither of these regulatory methods address the statutory SLD definition, which explicitly includes a deficit in basic psychological processes. Examining neuropsychological processing differences among typical children and children with math SLD, commonality analyses revealed that Differential Ability Scales – Second Edition (DAS‐II) predictors accounted for more achievement variance in typical children (46% to 58%) than in children with math SLD (33% to 50%), with substantial loss of predictive validity when General Conceptual Ability was used instead of subcomponent scores. Results suggest that differences in typical predictor‐outcome relationships may provide a foundation for developing specific cognitive and academic interventions for children with math SLD. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

抗战期间广州生活必需品价格研究

1937年8月31日,日军首次空袭广州,经历一年多的轰炸,广州于1938年10月沦陷。沦陷期间日军对广州的工业、商业、金融业的全面统制和掠夺,导致广州生活必需品价格较抗战前动荡多变,呈现出高涨至低廉,再由低廉至高涨,并最终走向崩溃的折线。抗战期间生活必需品价格畸形发展的最主要原因是战争;日军对广州实行经济操控以达其“以战养战”侵略政策导致金融秩序混乱;国民政府为了平衡收支大量增发货币导致严重通货膨胀,以及商人囤积居奇推动物价进一步高涨;加之抗战期间广东自然灾害频发,加重物资短缺。生活必需品价格动荡严重影响百姓生活,致使商业萧条,人民生活极度困难,饿殍载道,沦为难民者多。     

Towards a general modeling framework of resource competition in cognitive development

The current paper presents an integrated formal model of typical and atypical development based on the mechanisms of mutualism and resource competition. The mutualistic network model is extended with the dynamics of competition for limited resources, such as time and environmental factors. The proposed model generates patterns that resemble established phenomena in cognitive development: the positive manifold, developmental phases, developmental delays and lack of early indicators in atypical development, developmental regression, and “quasi-autism” caused by extreme environmental deprivation. The presented modeling framework fits a general movement towards formal theory construction in psychology. The model is easy to replicate and develop further, and we offer several avenues for future work.     

Park and Museum Interpretation: Helping Visitors Find Meaning

Interpretation is defined as an activity that “facilitates an intellectual and emotional connection between the interests of the visitor and the meanings of the resource.” The concept of helping visitors connect to meanings is a constant theme in the development of philosophies and practices in interpretation over the last century. Parks and museums have long shared in the effort to put this concept into practice. This article documents this history and the implications for contemporary interpretation.