历尽艰辛 进军奥运

1936年8月,第十一届奥运会在德国柏林举行.国民政府于1935年便令全国体协选拔和训练运动员.1935年8月,中华全国体育协进会为准备参加第十一届奥运会,在青岛山东大学举办了田径和篮球夏令营集训班.运动员人选在1935年10月举办的第六届全运会后已大致确定.对于参加这次奥运会,我国高层相对比较重视,体育界更是做足充分准备.     

白手起家创新发展——创新型大学生的成功之路

为激励上海市青年印刷工作者锐意创新、勤奋工作,上海市印刷行业协会自2006年始在上海市印刷行业内开展上海印刷新人奖评奖活动.     

时尚期刊的编排设计

每本时尚期刊都有其特有的市场定位及风格特征,这直接影响和制约着刊物的设计面貌.期刊的版式设计是为了更好地突出期刊的定位和风格,使刊物在美观基础上更快更好地传递信息.本文通过案例分析阐述了时尚期刊编排的一些方法和规律.     

国家图书馆所藏俄罗斯赠清政府图书

1844-1845年中俄两国互赠图书是历史上中俄两国第一次政府间的图书交流.但当时俄罗斯赠清政府图书在之后漫长的岁月中流向何处?本文即根据诸多史料辨识所赠图书的历史沿革,列举国家图书馆所藏俄罗斯赠书书目,以期进一步挖掘其历史价值.     

A new unsupervised method for document clustering by using WordNet lexical and conceptual relations

Text document clustering provides an effective and intuitive navigation mechanism to organize a large amount of retrieval results by grouping documents in a small number of meaningful classes. Many well-known methods of text clustering make use of a long list of words as vector space which is often unsatisfactory for a couple of reasons: first, it keeps the dimensionality of the data very high, and second, it ignores important relationships between terms like synonyms or antonyms. Our unsupervised method solves both problems by using ANNIE and WordNet lexical categories and WordNet ontology in order to create a well structured document vector space whose low dimensionality allows common clustering algorithms to perform well. For the clustering step we have chosen the bisecting k-means and the Multipole tree, a modified version of the Antipole tree data structure for, respectively, their accuracy and speed.

Extending WHIRL with background knowledge for improved text classification

Intelligent use of the many diverse forms of data available on the Internet requires new tools for managing and manipulating heterogeneous forms of information. This paper uses WHIRL, an extension of relational databases that can manipulate textual data using statistical similarity measures developed by the information retrieval community. We show that although WHIRL is designed for more general similarity-based reasoning tasks, it is competitive with mature systems designed explicitly for inductive classification. In particular, WHIRL is well suited for combining different sources of knowledge in the classification process. We show on a diverse set of tasks that the use of appropriate sets of unlabeled background knowledge often decreases error rates, particularly if the number of examples or the size of the strings in the training set is small. This is especially useful when labeling text is a labor-intensive job and when there is a large amount of information available about a particular problem on the World Wide Web.

Hyperactive Grey Objects

Previous papers on grey literature by the authors have described (1) the need for formal metadata to allow machine understanding and therefore scalable operations; (2) the enhancement of repositories of grey (and other) e-publications by linking with CRIS (Current Research Information Systems); (3) the use of the research process to collect metadata incrementally reducing the threshold barrier for end-users and improving quality in an ambient GRIDs environment. This paper takes the development one step further and proposes “intelligent” grey objects. The hypothesis is in 2 parts: (1) that the use of passive catalogs of metadata does not scale (a) in a highly distributed environment with millions of nodes and (b) with vastly increased volumes of R&D output grey publications with associated metadata; (2) that a new paradigm is required that (a) integrates grey with white literature and other R&D outputs such as software, data, products and patents (b) in a self-managing, self-optimizing way and that this paradigm manages automatically curation, provenance digital rights, trust, security and privacy. Concerning (1) existing repositories provide catalogs; harvesting takes increasing time ensuring non-currency. The end-user expends much manual effort/intelligence to utilize the results. The elapsed time of (1) the network (2) the centralized (or centrally controlled distributed) catalog server searches (3) end-user intervention becomes unacceptable. Concerning (2) there is no paradigm currently known to the authors that satisfies the requirement. Our proposal is outlined below. Hyperactive combines both hyperlinking and active properties of a (grey) object. Hyperlinking implies multimedia components linked to form the object and also external links to other resources. The term active implies that objects do not lie passively in a repository to be retrieved by end-users. They “get a life” and the object moves through the network knowing where it is going. A hyperactive grey object is wrapped by its (incrementally recorded) formal metadata and an associated (software) agent. It moves through process steps such as initial concept, authoring, reviewing and depositing in a repository. The workflow is based on the rules and information in the corporate data repository with which the agent interacts. Once the object is deposited, the agent associated with it actively pushes the object to the end-users (or systems) whose metadata indicate interest or an obligation in a workflowed process. The agents check the object and user (or system) metadata for rights, privacy, security parameters, and for any charges and assure compatibility. Alternatively the object can be found passively by end-user or system agents. The object can also associate itself with other objects forming relationships utilising metadata or content. Declared relationships include references and citations; workflowed relationships include versions and also links to corporate information and research datasets and software; inferenced relationships are discovered relationships such as between documents by different authors developed from an earlier idea of a third author. Components of this paradigm have been implemented to some extent. The challenge is implementing—respecting part two of the hypothesis—the integration architecture. This surely is harnessing the power of grey.

Beyond chip monks and paper tigers: towards a new culture of archival format specialists

The emergence of the new format of electronic/digital records provides the opportunity for archivists to reconsider the presumed format-neutrality of professional practice. As research in electronic records has served to re-emphasise, without an understanding of the needs and forms of material, then the work of archivists can have a profound impact on the evidential value and long-term research potential of the material. This paper attempts to broaden the debate about the requirements of all archival formats, and to build a new regime of 21st-century format specialists.

“孝道”思想对司马迁著史的影响

司马迁在忍辱著史的艰难历程中,人们偏重于对其逆境中进取行为的论述,轻于"孝道"思想对其著史的关注和研究。司马迁遵从家世传统和父亲遗愿的孝道思想对完成《史记》有着不可忽视的影响,他把父亲临终时的遗愿和嘱托作为最大的孝道来完成。     

“问题学生”的教育策略

每个班级都会有一些在思想和行为上存在问题的学生,转变这些问题学生需要一定的教育策略:教师保持平和的心态,真正放下师道尊严的架子,调控自己的情绪,改变学生的欲望不要太过强烈;降低对学生的期望值;换一种方式来评价和看待学生;改善自己的教育教学方法;宽容学生的错误;向学生学习。通过这些策略的落实,以实现"问题学生"的问题变少、变小直至消失。