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721.
The effects of token reinforcement, cognitive behavior modification, and direct instruction on learning-disabled students' math skills were compared. Math skills were measured by 2-minute classroom timings of basic addition and subtraction problems, and the Stanford Diagnostic Mathematics Test. Treatment was provided to 94 students for 4 weeks in daily 1-hour sessions. Significant differential gain between treatment and direct instruction groups in achievement test scores was found, F(4, 182) = 4.03, p<.01. Token reinforcement and cognitive behavior modification were found to be equally effective. All three groups improved with 2-minute classroom timings, F(2, 91) = 8.53,p<.001. Retention of skills for both treatments was maintained over a 2-week no-treatment period. Teachers' social validity ratings indicated differences between the two treatments relative to student behaviors and teacher roles. It is concluded that token reinforcement and cognitive behavior modification are equally effective techniques to remediate learning-disabled students' math achievement, and both are superior to direct instruction in some cases. 相似文献
722.
723.
David Turnbull Henry Krips Val Dusek Steve Fuller Alan Sokal Jean Bricmont Alan Frost Alan Chalmers Anna Salleh Alfred I. Tauber Yvonne Luxford Nicolaas Rupke Steven French Peter G. Brown Hugh LaFollette Peter Machamer Nicolas Rasmussen Andy J. Miller Marya Schechtman Ross S. West John Forge David Oldroyd Nancy Demand Darrin W. Belousek Warren Schmaus Sungook Hong Alan Chalmers Rachel A. Ankeny Peter Anstey Jeremy Butterfield Harshi Gunawardena 《Metascience》2000,9(3):347-498
724.
The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised was adapted to allow for the use of eye-gaze as a response mode. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a change in response mode altered test scores. Eighty children, aged 8–12 and without known motor or communication disabilities, completed both the adapted and standard forms of the test. Administration was counter balanced for form of PPVT-R and order of administration. No significant difference in standard scores was found between the eye-gaze and standard response modes. The reliability of interpretation of eye-gaze responses across examiners was 97.72%. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
725.
726.
Back to our beginnings: information utilization, Bertram Brookes and the fundamental equation of information science 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This analytical paper is in three parts. Firstly, it provides a brief review of the terrain of information utilization, a fundamental concept in the discourse of information seeking and use behavior. This review identifies dominant conceptualizations of information utilization, and identifies a research gap in relation to the cognitive dimensions of information utilization. Secondly, against this backdrop, it posits and examines Bertram Brookes' fundamental equation of information science as a theoretical framework for furthering our understanding of, and research into, the cognitive aspects of information utilization. Thirdly, it discusses some methodological aspects for investigating Brookes' equation in order to build a cumulative knowledge of the cognitive dimension of information utilization. 相似文献
727.
The increasing rate of child abuse and neglect is a special concern for educators who are legally mandated reporters of suspected maltreatment, are often the first to identify and refer children who have been harmed, are in contact with parents and are aware of the family conditions contributing to child maltreatment, and who must often work closely with other professionals in their efforts to support child victims and prevent further abuse. Moreover, children's emotional or behavioral problems, learning disabilities, or other difficulties often reflect broader problems that are associated with abuse or neglect. Consequently, understanding the causes and consequences of child maltreatment, and contemporary child protection efforts, is essential to educators in their efforts to assist victimized children. This article surveys current research on child maltreatment with particular attention to the challenges of child protection, the multidimensionality of child maltreatment (distinguishing physical abuse, physical neglect, sexual abuse, and psychological maltreatment), and hopeful new avenues for prevention. The implications of this research for educational professionals are emphasized. 相似文献
728.
729.
Jan Ross 《Learned Publishing》2000,13(2):119-123
After a brief discussion of mind mapping and concept mapping, a model for a ‘3‐D index’ is developed which combines a concept map with an index to enable hierarchical and relational data retrieval. It is suggested that such sophisticated information retrieval methods are required for the complex and extensive electronic data sources and encyclopaedic‐type titles now being compiled. 相似文献
730.
Alec M. Ross 《Higher Education》1993,25(2):225-225