适度运动对摄入高能饲料大鼠T淋巴细胞亚群免疫的影响

以SD大鼠为实验动物,通过8 w的高能饲料摄入和4 w的运动锻炼后,检测其血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量,外周血CD3 细胞数量、CD4 、CD8 T细胞百分比的变化,来研究适度运动锻炼对高能饲料摄入动物免疫功能的影响。结果显示:适度运动锻炼明显提高CD3 T细胞数量,使CD4 T细胞百分比从55.2%-56.6%迅速上升到62.6%-63.0%,使高能饲料摄入组的CD8 T细胞百分比从56.2%极显著地下降到42.2%,从而使运动组的CD4 /CD8 的比值(1.49±0.10)显著高于对照组(1.01±0.07),表明适度运动锻炼具有显著促进正相免疫调节的作用。     

Gender Differences in Availability,Internet Access and Rate of Usage of Computers among Distance Education Learners

This study explores the level of availability of computers, Internet accessibility and the rate of usage of computers both at home and at the work place between distance education learners according to gender. The results reveal that there are no significant differences in all three aspects. The findings indicate that female distance education learners participate equally with their male counterparts in the utilization of computer technology to assist their study requirements as well as in their involvement in information and communication technology (ICT) to support the educational and learning process as demanded by distance education. Différences de sexe dans la disponibilité, l'accès À internet et la fréquence d'utilisation des ordinateurs chez les étudiants apprenant À distance. Cette étude explore le niveau de disponibilité, l'accès À internet et la fréquence d'utilisation des ordinateurs À la fois au travail et À la maison chez les étudiants apprenant À distance en fonction de leur sexe. Les résultats montrent qu'il n'y a pas de différences significatives dans chacun de ces domaines. Les résultats indique que les femmes participent À égalité avec les hommes dans l'utilisation de l'ordinateur pour les aider À faire face aux exigences de leurs études aussi bon que dans leur implication dans les technologies de l'information et À la communication (TIC) pour soutenir le processus d'éducation et d'apprentissage imposé par l'éducation À distance. Geschlechtsbezogne Unterschiede bei der Verfügbarkeit eines Internetzugangs und Nutzung von Computern bei Studenten des Fernunterrichts. Diese Studie untersucht die geschlechtsbezogne Verfügbarkeit von Computern, Internetzugang und Häufigkeit der Computernutzung daheim und am Arbeitsplatz bei Studenten des Fernunterrichts. Die Resultate zeigen, dass es bei den 3 Aspekten keine grossen Unterschiede gibt. Die Untersuchungen belegen, dass Frauen genau so oft wie ihre männlichen Kollegen die Computertechnologie zu Studienzwecken einsetzen und die Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie (ITC) für ihren Lernprozess nutzen, so wie es im Fernunterricht verlangt wird.     

The use of self‐learning modules to facilitate learning of basic science concepts in an integrated medical curriculum

This study used qualitative and quantitative approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of self‐learning modules (SLMs) developed to facilitate and individualize students' learning of basic medical sciences. Twenty physiology and nineteen microanatomy SLMs were designed with interactive images, animations, narrations, and self‐assessments. Of 41 medical students, 40 students voluntarily completed a questionnaire with open‐ended and closed‐ended items to evaluate students' attitudes and perspectives on the learning value of SLMs. Closed‐ended items were assessed on a five‐point Likert scale (5 = high score) and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Open‐ended questions further evaluated students' perspectives on the effectiveness of SLMs; student responses to open‐ended questions were analyzed to identify shared patterns or themes in their experience using SLMs. The results of the midterm examination were also analyzed to compare student performance on items related to SLMs and traditional sessions. Students positively evaluated their experience using the SLMs with an overall mean score of 4.25 (SD ± 0.84). Most students (97%) indicated that the SLMs improved understanding and facilitated learning basic science concepts. SLMs were reported to allow learner control, to help in preparation for subsequent in‐class discussion, and to improve understanding and retention. A significant difference in students' performance was observed when comparing SLM‐related items with non‐SLM items in the midterm examination (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of SLMs in an integrated basic science curriculum has the potential to individualize the teaching and improve the learning of basic sciences. Anat Sci Educ 3: 219–226, 2010. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.     

Acceptance and usage of a mobile information system services in University of Jordan

Along with the significant development of information and communication technologies (ICTSs), an incredible number of mobile applications have become available. Hence, the main purpose of the current study is to investigate the use and acceptance of the ‘Mobile Information System’ developed and implemented by University of Jordan, which Known as (Mobile Student Information System). Data were obtained from 275 undergraduate students of University of Jordan via questionnaire to test the ‘Mobile Services Acceptance Model’ using Structural Equation Model. The results reveal that user acceptance of mobile information system services is largely affected by trust, perceived security, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Findings also show that context of applications is a strong motivational factor of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, which then significantly affects user intention to use mobile information system. While, the personal characteristics and features do not have effect on user intentions. Both theoretical and practical implications of the study’s findings are discussed.     

Where Arab social science and humanities scholars choose to publish: Falling in the predatory journals trap

The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study of publishing behaviour among a group of Arab scholars in social science and humanities disciplines. The paper also investigated the number of Arab scholars who are publishing in predatory journals and the reasons that drive them to select these journals to share their scholarly findings. The study adopted a mixed methods approach. Eighteen journals that were categorized as predatory journals were scanned to find the number of Arab scholars who published in them. Then, a questionnaire was sent to Egyptian and Saudi scholars as they were found to be the top Arab contributors in these journals. The questionnaire was followed by semi‐structured interviews to gain an in‐depth understanding of the publishing behaviour. The data showed that many Arab scholars prefer publishing in predatory journals as these journals are easier and faster. The results also indicate that there is a need to raise the awareness of the harm that predatory journals can cause to the scholars and how they can avoid these journals. This study was conducted with social science and humanities scholars in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The publishing behaviour may differ in other scholarly disciplines and other Arabic countries.     

Evaluating an individualized science program for community college students

Two classes of community college students having less than the usual minimal preparation required for admission were taught half of a basic science course using individualized instruction and half using traditional instruction. The course was divided into chemistry and physics segments and random halves of each class received the individualized treatment in one segment and the traditional treatment in the other. The individualized treatment was found to yield superior achievement gains and more positive attitudes toward science than the traditional treatment while both resulted in equivalent student satisfaction. No differences between segments were obtained. Of the four treatment-segment combinations, individualized physics appeared to yield the greatest achievement. Individualized instruction was concluded to be effective.     

Computers in Distance Education: gender differences in self‐perceived computer competencies

This article reports on the gender differences in self‐perceived computer competencies among distance education learners at the Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Four aspects of competencies that are related to computer usage and its applications were studied; these were competencies in the usage of general computer software, usage of networking software, handling of computer hardware and performing computer maintenance. The results showed that there are no significant differences between the genders in terms of the competencies in the usage of general computer software as well as networking software. These are directly linked to the educational purposes needed to support and facilitate learning in distance education. However, gender differences are observed regarding competencies in their handling of most aspects of computer hardware as well as performing computer maintenance.