THE USE OF PICTURES IN THE CHURCH SCHOOL

The official development of a curriculum of religious studies for secondary schools, based on a new Pennsylvania Law consistent with Supreme Court decisions, is of great significance. The process is described here with accuracy and humor     

Book reviews and notes

CRITICS OF SOCIETY: RADICAL THOUGHT IN NORTH AMERICA by T. B. Bottomore. New York: Pantheon Books, 1968. viii + 150 pp. $4.95

TWO WORLDS OF CHILDHOOD by Urie Bronfenbrenner. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1970. x+ 190pp. $7.95.

JACQUES BARZUN ON WRITING, EDITING, AND PUBLISHING by Jacques Barzun. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971. xi + 130pp. $1.35.

STUDENT HOUSING: ARCHITECTURAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS by William Mullins and Phyllis Allen. New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971. vii+248pp. $25.00.

ARCHITECTURE FOR THE EDUCATIONAL THEATRE by Horace W. Robinson. Eugene, Oregon: University of Oregon, 1970. 147 pp. $7.50.     

Brotherly Love and the Piper's Pay

There are people who think and people who dream, but there are more people who do neither. The first group, those who think, do not doubt that wars will continue in the future as in the past; the dreamers, their heads swirling in roseate dreams of the universal brotherhood of all mankind, still envision the warless age. Hard headed realists know that civilization of the kind we have always had (when we have had any at all) is more likely to increase than to decrease the number of open seasons for human game. They join with the dreamers in deploring the kind of wars we now fight, but they recognize the inevitability of war and try to take proper measures for selfsurvival. Members of the third group, those who neither think nor dream, vegetate in peace time, reproduce all of the time, and the best of them get killed when war comes. During the periods of armed neutrality, which we call peace, they listen to the plans of the dreamers.     

Science and scientists in Victorian and Edwardian literary novels: insights into the emergence of a new profession

Literary fiction has seldom been seriously considered as a mode of science communication. Here, I review novels from the 19th century canon of English literature in which characters either have, or aspire to have, substantive professional scientific roles to see what insights they provide into the practice of science in the Victorian and Edwardian eras. They reflect the historical transition of science from an intellectual hobby to a paid occupation, but also reveal that while a career in science became possible for a wider range of people, it seldom allowed these new entrants to undertake fundamental scientific research.     

Deconstructing learning in science—Young children's responses to a classroom sequence on evaporation

Five year old children's ideas were tracked by a range of means during and subsequent to a classroom sequence on evaporation. They held a range of conceptions which changed in complex ways across context and time. These could only be made sense of by moving outside traditional conceptual change interpretations to include broader notions of appropriation of language as a cultural tool, of personal and social narrative responses to features of the phenomena and the classroom setting, and the nature of science explanations. The findings are used to explore the relationship between social and individual perspectives on learning, and to question some assumptions underlying conceptual change research.     

Organizational culture and effectiveness in two-year colleges

The central purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the effectiveness of a nationally representative sample of two-year colleges differs in terms of their dominant type of organizational culture. The findings demonstrate wide differences in the effectiveness of two-year colleges that exhibit the traits of clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, and market cultures, and the differences are consistent with their conceptual rationale. The research, policy, and practical implications of the findings in terms of our efforts to understand and improve the management and institutional performance of two-year colleges are discussed.Presented at the Association for Institutional Research Annual Forum, Atlanta, Georgia, May 10–13, 1992.     

Preparing the Next Generation of Educational Measurement Specialists: A Call for Programs With an Integrated Scope and Sequence

The field of educational measurement has evolved considerably since the first doctoral programs were established. In response, programs have typically tacked on courses that address newly developed theories, methods, tools, and techniques. As our review of current programs evidences, this approach produces artificial distinctions among topics and techniques that are in fact a tightly coupled whole. This position paper advocates a redesign of the scope and sequence for doctoral programs focused on the preparation of the next generations of educational measurement specialists; a redesign that reflects the full life‐cycle of instrument development and use.