体力活动与癌症生存研究的10大问题

摘要：今天的美国有1 400万的癌症存活者,其中的很多存活者中都接受了多种治疗,包括手术、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗等。这些治疗能够延长生存时间,但同时也会带来很多急慢性的副作用,危害健康,影响生活质量。体力活动（PA）与癌症生存这一领域发展迅速,主要研究PA对癌症患者的影响。基于该领域的研究进展,提出了以下10大研究问题：1）PA能够降低癌症复发风险、和/或提高存活吗？2）PA能够影响癌症治疗决策、完成率、和/或患者对治疗的反应吗？3）癌症存活者的最佳运动处方是什么？4）静坐少动行为对癌症存活者有何影响？5）癌症存活者最有效的体力活动干预方案是什么？6）哪些癌症会影响病人对PA的反应？7）癌症存活者进行体力活动时需要注意的安全问题有哪些？8）哪些具体的癌症症状可以由PA解决？9）对于癌症晚期患者,体力活动还有何作用？10）如何将体力活动研究结果转化到临床和社区肿瘤实践中来？上述问题的回答至关重要,这不仅关系到体力活动和癌症存活这一研究领域的发展,更重要的是,能够为每年数百万新诊断为癌症的病人、正在接受癌症治疗的病人、治疗结束处于恢复中的病人或是那些正在与晚期癌症抗争的病人带来福音。     

美国主要技术领域的发展轨迹及生命周期特征研究——基于S曲线的分析

本文利用S曲线模型分析了美国主要领域的技术发展轨迹及生命周期。研究结果表明：1963-2008年美国各领域技术发展轨迹S曲线拟合效果较好,且各技术领域第二阶段专利产出较多,发展更加持久;现今美国多数技术领域现处于成熟期,仅有通信设备一个技术领域处于成长期,且电子信息及相关产业仍具有较大的发展潜力,是美国今后国家创新能力发展的主导技术领域;制药和药品领域仍然处于新技术变革的酝酿期,可能迎来一个全新的发展周期。     

Education of deaf children and the politics of recognition

The ideological basis for education of deaf children has changed during the last few decades. In Norway, the new curriculum is emphasizing bilingual and bicultural ideas. In many ways, this can be regarded as an example of what Charles Taylor calls the "politics of recognition." Taking an excerpt of an interview with a deaf student as a point of departure, this article discusses problems when heavily emphasizing a cultural approach.     

足球必须从极少数贪婪者手中拯救出来

影响我们所有人生活的全球化进程正在对足球产生有害的影响,并使这项世界上最受欢迎的运动朝着不道德的方向发展。而且。这一次,欧洲似乎在定着步调。     

Developing POPTRAN,a population modelling package

Collaboration between subject matter specialists, computer programmers and educational technologists has resulted in the production of POPTRAN, a computer assisted learning package designed to teach the basic concepts of population studies. Its evaluation in developing countries, with both naive and specialist users, and subsequent revision, has produced a package of both academic quality and teaching effectiveness.     

应用由乳化-扩散方法制备的功能PLGA纳米颗粒的药物发送系统(英文)

运用功能纳米颗粒的药物发送系统是一种具有发展前景的途径,因为它减少了副反应并减轻病痛 Poly(D,L lactide co glycolide)(PLGA)纳米颗粒的尺寸是80nm,它的制备是通过乳化扩散方法,并应用Poloxamer188作为稳定剂 所制备的纳米颗粒具有疏水核作为药物的载体,而其冠状亲水表面可避免形成网状内皮系统(RES) 作为生物医学应用的第一个例子是PLAG纳米颗粒包含雌激素,它对于受到意外伤害而抑制不安情绪具有局限性 研究指出:局部地发送具有雌激素的PLGA纳米颗粒将激烈减少新内膜的形成程度 其次是应用经过修改的PLAG纳米颗粒发送系统专用于骨治疗的药已经实现,它与骨有高度的相似 已经证明:与双磷酸(bisphosphonate)相结合的PLGA纳米颗粒,参入到鼠的静脉内之后,将可累积在鼠骨内     

Challenges facing child protection

The challenges facing children in the 21st century are immense and will need to be faced if we are to achieve the goal of child protection for all. Three specific constraints on child protection are examined in this article, namely poverty, HIV/AIDS infection, and war. The authors use their experience in Africa to raise issues of resilience and adaptation, dangers to child protection programs, and possible solutions. Poverty can be both financial and psychological, and this affects the effect of prevention programs. In many African and Asian countries, the AIDS pandemic has changed the social structure of society with AIDS orphans and children infected and affected by HIV/AIDS becoming more common. The impact has devastating effects on the way we view child protection and in particular child sexual abuse. The consequences of post-traumatic stress resulting from war needs to be addressed, and the development of programs that place children in the center of relief programs to foster a culture of child protection is essential. Finally, the article notes that the picture is not overly pessimistic and the examines the achievements in the field of children's rights which underpin all programs aimed at protecting children and the future need to consolidate successes achieved.     

Breastfeeding Prevalence among an Alaskan Inupiat Eskimo Population

Breastfeeding provides valuable immunologic, nutritional, and psychological advantages to infants and is the most desirably complete diet for the infant during the first 6 months of life. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the prevalence of breastfeeding in a group of Alaskan Inupiat Eskimos, who live in northern Alaska. A convenience sample of 36 women making up three age cohorts was utilized (women ages 18 to 25, N=11; ages 26 to 40, N=14; ages 41 to 60, N=11). Data collected from these women on their choice of infant-feeding method contributed to measuring the prevalence of breastfeeding. Prevalence was also measured by categorizing the children of these women into three age groups and further classifying them as to how they were fed when they were infants. Statistical analysis was performed utilizing 95% confidence intervals. Results revealed that, in this sample and over the past 20 years, a substantial decline has occurred in the percentage of Inupiat infants exclusively breastfeeding for 6 months or longer. Data also indicated a downward trend in the percentage of mothers between the ages of 26 and 39 who initiate breastfeeding; however, among the mothers aged 18 to 25, data reflected a rising trend.