Relations of Children's Effortful Control and Teacher-Child Relationship Quality to School Attitudes in a Low-Income Sample

RESEARCH FINDINGS: The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of children's effortful control and quality of relationships with teachers to school attitudes longitudinally in an ethnically diverse and economically disadvantaged sample. Data were collected as part of a larger intervention project during mid-fall, winter, and late spring (ns = 823, 722, and 758, respectively) for 2 cohorts of 3- to 5-year-olds (collected during 2 different school years). Children's effortful control was assessed in the fall with parents' and teachers' reports and 2 behavioral measures. Teacher-child relationship quality was assessed mid-year with teachers' reports of closeness and conflict. Attitudes toward school were assessed in late spring using teachers' and students' reports of school avoidance and liking. Effortful control, in general, was positively correlated with teacher-child closeness and school liking and negatively correlated with conflict and school avoidance. Using structural equation modeling and controlling for sex and ethnicity, we found that effortful control was positively related to teacher-child relationship quality, which in turn was positively related to school attitudes. Furthermore, the relation of effortful control to school attitudes was mediated by teacher-child relationship quality. PRACTICE OR POLICY: Results provide evidence for the importance of relational processes that take place within the classroom context and have implications for teachers and clinicians working to increase school success in ethnic minority and low-income children.     

Effect of postsecondary education on the economic status of persons who are deaf or hard of hearing

This article examines the effect that postsecondary education has on earnings and the duration of time spent in the Social Security disability programs for young persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. Our hypothesis is that investments in postsecondary training increase the likelihood of employment for persons who are deaf or hard of hearing and thus reduce dependency on disability-related income support programs. A longitudinal data set based upon records from the National Technical Institute for the Deaf and Social Security administrative records is used for this analysis. We find that those who graduate, even those who graduate with vocational degrees, experience significant earnings benefits and reductions in the duration of time spent on federal disability programs when compared with those who do not graduate with a degree. This finding suggests that reductions in the duration of time spent on Social Security programs are not limited to those with the highest level of scholastic aptitude and that investments in post-secondary education can benefit a broad group of deaf and hard-of-hearing persons. In addition, the data show that individuals who attend college, but withdraw before graduation, fair no better economically than individuals who never attended college.     

Choice and goal-directed behavior in preschool children

Preschool children (3–4 years old) were trained to perform two actions to gain different outcomes, in the form of video clips from different cartoons, before one of these outcomes was devalued by noncontingent exposure. The effect of outcome devaluation was subsequently assessed in an extinction test by giving children the opportunity to perform both actions in the absence of any outcomes. When the two actions were trained concurrently, performance during the test was modulated by outcome value and children showed a preference for the action trained with the currently valued outcome. By contrast, when each action was trained separately on different trials, test performance was insensitive to outcome devaluation. These effects of the training schedules are interpreted in terms of dual-process theories of action control.     

2011巴菲特致股东的信(精华版)

致伯克希尔哈撒韦公司的全体股东:2010年,A股和B股的每股账面价值都增长了13%。也就是说,自从现任管理层接手公司之后,在过去46年中,每股账面价值从19美元增长到95,453美元,年复合增长率为20.2%。     

A分妈妈

当女儿卡瑞娜不情愿完成老师布置的"作业"时,妈妈斯诺的引导却让女儿出色地完成了那份艰难的"作业",更重要的是女儿也给予了妈妈信任的"A"分评价。我的女儿卡瑞娜上九年级的时候,有一天,她垂头丧气地回家来,招呼也没和我打一个就低着头走进了自己的房间。我觉得不对劲儿,就跟着她走了进去,想查明究竟。     

我的吻在哪里

小女孩儿名叫辛迪。她有一个和睦的家,日子过得很不错。但这个家从一开始就缺少了一样东西,只不过辛迪还没有意识到。辛迪9岁那年,有一天到朋友德比家去玩儿,留在那儿过夜。睡觉时,德比的妈妈给两个女孩儿盖上被子,并亲吻了她们,祝她们晚安。"我爱你。"德比的妈妈说。"我也爱你。"德比说。辛迪惊奇得睡不着觉。因为在这之前从没人吻     

怪图书

迈克尔、安德烈亚、埃米莉、瑞安和我排队向图书馆走去。这座图书馆是今年暑假才建起来的。     

第十回小透明许昌巧识华佗——《小透明穿越三国》系列小说

当小透明醒来时,他发现自己又回到了许昌城外。他觉得脑袋有点晕,四肢酸疼。他试着抬起头来看看,发现曹冲和海盗一号也像自己一样难看地趴在地上。他又左右扫视了一番,却没有看见小象和大象妈妈。     

43524,7086——《小透明穿越三国》系列小说

曹府大乱。 曹操跪抱着曹冲大哭,太医也跪在那里给曹冲的伤口敷草药。只见太医两手发抖：“魏王啊。依臣微见,这是‘五步倒’千的啊!如果换了华佗来配药,或许还有的治。可是,老朽的医术就很难保证能救下公子的命了……”说罢竟然嘤樱地抽泣起来。曹操大怒：“平日里你们一个比一个有学问,怎么今天这么点小伤却救治不了？今天你们要是不把冲儿给我拉回来．我就要你们不出五步统统去见阎王!”     

点燃生命激情照亮成长梦想——深圳市新华中学特色教育写真

新华中学位于深圳市宝安区龙华街道.成立于1996年,是一所公办初级中学.近年来,学校办学水平不断提升,2008年被评为"宝安区教学管理先进单位",2009年、2010年被评为"宝安区教学管理标兵单位",连续三年中考成绩名列全区前茅.办学特色也日益彰显,许多学生不仅文化课成绩优异,而且特长突出.