A Study of the Relationship between Supervisor and Trainee Behaviors in Counseling Practicum

The goal of this study was to identify relationships among the counseling behaviors of practicum trainees and the supervision behaviors of their supervisors during a one-semester counseling practicum. Trained judges rated the following variables from audiotapes: trainee and supervisor empathy, various trainee and supervisor verbal behavior patterns, and five trainee competencies. Comparisons were made between performances at the beginning and end of the term. Trainees improved on two of five competencies but did not improve on empathy, nor did their verbal behavior patterns change. Empathy levels of the supervisors had no apparent effect on the trainees.     

Using Oral History Readings in Teaching the History of Counseling

This article describes an assignment using oral history readings to teach the history of counseling and counseling psychology. Student feedback and outcomes are discussed, as well as future research directions.     

Personal Growth of Counselor Trainees

This study compared the level of self-actualization of beginning and advanced students in a master's program in counselor education using the Personal Orientation Inventory (POI). The advanced students scored significantly higher than the beginning students on two POI Scales, Feeling Reactivity and Acceptance of Aggression. The beginning students were more like a sample of normal adults than a sample of self-actualizing persons; however, the advanced students were more like the self-actualizing group.     

Training Counselors to Facilitate the Transitions of Aging Through Group Work

Group counseling for elderly people and their caretakers is an effective, but specialized, treatment modality that should be included in counselor education curricula. Training needs and resources are described.     

Self-Generated Performance Feedback in Interviewing Training

The present study examined the effect of self-generated performance feedback, of expert performance feedback, and of no performance feedback on novice counselor trainee's production of counselor tacting response leads (CTRLs). Self-generated performance feedback consisted of the participants responding to a video-taped client and then orally evaluating their own response on the basis of a performance standard. Expert performance feedback consisted of verbal feedback from a designated expert given over a bug-in-the-ear apparatus. Analysis of four measures of CTRLs revealed no differences resulting from either source of feedback—self or expert—however, those who received feedback outperformed the controls. These differences were maintained over a short time span.     

The Construct Problem in Measuring Counseling Performance

This article describes the role of inadequate construct definition in the current problems involving measurement of counseling performance and suggests potential responses for improving measurement capability.     

Technological Innovation and Technical Communications: Their Place in Aerospace Engineering Curricula. A Survey of European,Japanese and US Aerospace Engineers and Scientists

Aerospace engineers and scientists from Western Europe, Japan and the USA were surveyed as part of the NASA/'DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Questionnaires were used to solicit their opinions regarding (1) the importance of technical communications to their profession, (2) the use and production of technical communications, and (3) their views about the appropriate content of an undergraduate course in technical communications. The ability to communicate technical information effectively was very important to the aerospace engineers and scientists who participated in the study. A considerable portion of their working week is devoted to using and producing technical information. The types of technical communications used and produced varied within and among the three groups. The type of technical communications product used and produced appears to be related to respondents' professional duties. Respondents from the three groups made similar recommendations regarding the principles, mechanics, and on-the-job communications to be included in an undergraduate technical communications course for aerospace majors.     

Counselor Education—Quo Vadis?

Counselor education programs are faced with a perplexing problem: With minimal staff, how can counselors be prepared to function competently in both an educational and a community-based mental health environment? Two approaches to deal with the issue are presented; one traditional, the other innovative. A suggested model of counselor education is given in response to the changes dictated by current trends in the field.