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Handle系统作为一种通用的名称服务系统,能够为网络中的数字对象提供的永久标识、动态链接和安全管理等基础服务。文章重点介绍Handle系统的发展及应用情况,从数字图书馆、数字内容管理、数字出版、数字博物馆、远程教育到科学数据管理与网格计算、数字权益管理、信息安全管理与隐私保护等领域。近年来随着互联网的发展,以及物联网等新技术的兴起,Handle系统获得了更加广阔的应用前景。文章最后介绍了Handle系统作为联合国ITu推荐的互联网下一代链接技术,在技术上及管理方式上的最新发展情况,并对其应用前景进行展望。 相似文献
176.
In this article, we present a microstructured multi-well plate for enabling three-dimensional (3D) high density seeding and culture of cells through the use of a standard laboratory centrifuge to promote and maintain 3D tissue-like cellular morphology and cell-specific functionality in vitro without the addition of animal derived or synthetic matrices or coagulants. Each well has microfeatures on the bottom that are comprised of a series of ditches/open microchannels. The dimensions of the microchannels promote and maintain 3D tissue-like cellular morphology and cell-specific functionality in vitro. After cell seeding with a standard pipette, the microstructured multi-well plates were centrifuged to tightly pack cells inside the ditches in order to enhance cell-cell interactions and induce formation of 3D cellular structures during cell culture. Cell-cell interactions were optimized based on cell packing by considering dimensions of the ditches/open microchannels, orientation of the microstructured multi-well plate during centrifugation, cell seeding density, and the centrifugal force and time. With the optimized cell packing conditions, we demonstrated that after 7 days of cell culture, primary human hepatocytes adhered tightly together to form cord-like structures that resembled 3D tissue-like cellular architecture. Importantly, cell membrane polarity was restored without the addition of animal derived or synthetic matrices or coagulants. 相似文献
177.
C. Ranganathan Thompson S.H. Teo Jasbir DhaliwalAuthor vitae 《International Journal of Information Management》2011,31(6):533-545
Despite increased interest and growing investments in web-based supply chain management (SCM) applications, firms face numerous challenges in successfully web-enabling their SCM activities. In this research, we focus on two main objectives – (i) to understand the key antecedents that affect the web-enablement of SCM activities; (ii) to document the performance impacts of web-enabled SCM efforts. Based on a large-scale, questionnaire survey of North American organizations, we assessed the influence of six factors namely – supplier synergy, information intensity, managerial IT knowledge, interoperable IT infrastructure, perceived IT returns on investments (ROI) and formal governance mechanisms – on the extent of web-enabled SCM. Our results revealed a strong positive influence of supplier synergy, information intensity, managerial IT knowledge, inter-operability and formal governance mechanisms on the extent of web-enabled SCM. We also found a negative association between relative cost–benefit perceptions and the extent of web-enabled SCM. Further, we also found strong positive association between extent of web-enabled SCM and the benefits realized from SCM efforts. We discuss the implications of our results for research and practice. 相似文献
178.
Christine D. Pollard Marc F. Norcross Sam T. Johnson Amanda E. Stone Eunwook Chang Mark A. Hoffman 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2020,19(2):271-279
AbstractNumerous studies have investigated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk by examining gender differences in knee and hip biomechanics during a side-step cutting manoeuvre since it is known that ACL injury often occurs during such a task. Recent investigations have also examined lower extremity (LE) biomechanics during side-step cutting in individuals following ACL reconstruction (ACLR). Common research practice is to compare knee and hip biomechanics of the dominant limb between groups but this can add considerable complexity for clinicians and researchers. At this time, it is not known if there is a difference in LE biomechanics between the dominant and non-dominant limb during side-step cutting. Three-dimensional kinematics and kinetics were collected while 31 healthy participants performed five, side-step cutting manoeuvres with the dominant and non-dominant limbs. Knee and hip variables examined are those commonly investigated in ACL injury literature. There were no differences between limbs in all but one variable (knee internal rotation). These results demonstrate that healthy individuals exhibit little side-to-side differences in certain LE biomechanics when performing a side-step cutting manoeuvre. These findings can be utilised by clinicians when conducting dynamic evaluations of their ACLR patients and when developing injury prevention and rehabilitation programmes. 相似文献
179.
Francesco Piraino ?eila Selimovi? Marco Adamo Alessandro Pero Sam Manoucheri Sang Bok Kim Danilo Demarchi Ali Khademhosseini 《Biomicrofluidics》2012,6(4)
The application of microfluidic technologies to stem cell research is of great interest to biologists and bioengineers. This is chiefly due to the intricate ability to control the cellular environment, the reduction of reagent volume, experimentation time and cost, and the high-throughput screening capabilities of microscale devices. Despite this importance, a simple-to-use microfluidic platform for studying the effects of growth factors on stem cell differentiation has not yet emerged. With this consideration, we have designed and characterized a microfluidic device that is easy to fabricate and operate, yet contains several functional elements. Our device is a simple polyester-based microfluidic chip capable of simultaneously screening multiple independent stem cell culture conditions. Generated by laser ablation and stacking of multiple layers of polyester film, this device integrates a 10 × 10 microwell array for cell culture with a continuous perfusion system and a non-linear concentration gradient generator. We performed numerical calculations to predict the gradient formation and calculate the shear stress acting on the cells inside the device. The device operation was validated by culturing murine embryonic stem cells inside the microwells for 5 days. Furthermore, we showed the ability to maintain the pluripotency of stem cell aggregates in response to concentrations of leukemia inhibitory factor ranging from 0 to ∼1000 U/ml. Given its simplicity, fast manufacturing method, scalability, and the cell-compatible nature of the device, it may be a useful platform for long-term stem cell culture and studies. 相似文献
180.
Sam J. Fugazzotto 《Innovative Higher Education》2009,34(5):285-298
The effectiveness of higher education institutions has bases in institutional structures and cultures. However, structure
and culture represent abstract concepts while institutions realize high performance in practice. Given their salience in higher
education, mission statements and campus space bring structure and culture into the realm of practice. Moving from abstract
to concrete, this paper shows how mission statements embody structure and culture and how physical space, in turn, enacts
mission in day-to-day institutional life. By harnessing the mission-space linkage, strategy can access structure and culture
for the purpose of increasing effectiveness. 相似文献