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11.
Sean McKeever 《体育哲学杂志》2017,44(2):243-257
A strong moral reason for prohibiting doping in sport is to be found in the bad choices that would be faced by clean athletes in a sporting world that tolerated doping. The case against doping is not, however, to be grounded in the concept of coercion. Instead, it is grounded in a general duty of sport to afford fair opportunity to the goods that are distinctively within sport's sphere of control. The moral reason to prohibit doping need not be balanced against any autonomy claim of athletes who would prefer to dope because, upon closer examination, such claims have no force. The moral reason to prohibit doping does, however, need to be balanced against the enforcement costs imposed on all athletes by effective prohibition. 相似文献
12.
Joan N. Vickers Joe Causer Michael Stuart Elaine Little Sean Dukelow Marc Lavangie 《European Journal of Sport Science》2017,17(1):109-117
AbstractA “look-up line” (LUL) has been proposed for ice hockey, which is an orange 1?m (40′) warning line (WL) painted on the ice at the base of the boards. The LUL purports to provide an early warning to players to keep their head up prior to and as they are being checked. We determined if players looked up more on a rink with the LUL compared to a traditional Control rink. Elite offensive (O) and defensive (D) players competed 1 vs. 1, while wearing an eye tracker that recorded their quiet eye (QE) and fixation and tracking (F-T) and an electrogoniometer that measured head angle. External cameras recorded skate duration during four skate phases: P1 preparation, P2 decision-making, P3 cut to boards, P4 contact. The QE was the final fixation prior to contact between O and D as they skated towards and across the WL during P3 and P4. Skate phase durations (%) did not differ by rink or rink by position. More QE and F-T occurred on the WL on the LUL rink than on the Control. The expected increase in head angle on the LUL rink did not occur during P3 or P4. Post-hoc results also showed O and D skated further from the boards on the LUL rink, suggesting the players preferred to control the puck on white ice, rather than the orange colour of the LUL rink. More research is needed to determine if these results apply to the competitive setting. 相似文献
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14.
Jemima Grace Spathis Mark James Connick Emma Maree Beckman Peter Anthony Newcombe Sean Michael Tweedy 《Journal of sports sciences》2015,33(8):863-871
Paralympic throwing events for athletes with physical impairments comprise seated and standing javelin, shot put, discus and seated club throwing. Identification of talented throwers would enable prediction of future success and promote participation; however, a valid and reliable talent identification battery for Paralympic throwing has not been reported. This study evaluates the reliability and validity of a talent identification battery for Paralympic throws. Participants were non-disabled so that impairment would not confound analyses, and results would provide an indication of normative performance. Twenty-eight non-disabled participants (13 M; 15 F) aged 23.6 years (±5.44) performed five kinematically distinct criterion throws (three seated, two standing) and nine talent identification tests (three anthropometric, six motor); 23 were tested a second time to evaluate test–retest reliability. Talent identification test–retest reliability was evaluated using Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots (Limits of Agreement). Spearman’s correlation assessed strength of association between criterion throws and talent identification tests. Reliability was generally acceptable (mean ICC = 0.89), but two seated talent identification tests require more extensive familiarisation. Correlation strength (mean rs = 0.76) indicated that the talent identification tests can be used to validly identify individuals with competitively advantageous attributes for each of the five kinematically distinct throwing activities. Results facilitate further research in this understudied area. 相似文献
15.
Bret G. Range Susan Scherz Carleton R. Holt Suzanne Young 《Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability》2011,23(3):243-265
The intent of this study was to assess the perceptions and actions of Wyoming principals concerning their role in supervising
and evaluating teachers. A survey was sent to all 286 principals in the state of Wyoming, of which, 143 returned surveys,
a response rate of 50%. Findings suggested that principals utilized supervisory behaviors more often than evaluative behaviors.
Elementary principals perceived their evaluative practices as significantly more prevalent than secondary principals. Furthermore,
principals indicated that their greatest frustrations in supervising teachers were time, the evaluation instrument, and teachers’
unwillingness to change. Additionally, findings suggested that Wyoming principals utilized classroom walkthroughs because
they provided a snapshot of teaching and provided a medium for providing feedback. In regards to developmental supervision,
principals indicated that novice teachers received much more supervision than veteran teachers. However, their reported use
of differentiated supervision only applied to teacher autonomy concerning professional development goals. Principals reported
that teachers had little input concerning the methods by which they were supervised. Finally, a majority of the Wyoming principals
felt that improvement plans were effective at changing mediocre teaching behaviors, but 40% were speculative that such plans
truly remediated poor teachers. 相似文献
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17.
Sean N. Halpin 《Educational gerontology》2015,41(3):207-215
Several interventions aimed at increasing positive attitudes towards older adults among health-care professionals have been introduced. These interventions tend to focus on a small subset of clinical employees, ignoring other clinical and nonclinical hospital staff. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a short aging simulation workshop toward increasing positive attitudes towards older adults among a multidisciplinary group of workshop participants using a pre/post quasiexperimental design. Four hundred seventy six new employees of the Department of Veterans Affairs completed the Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People Scale (KOP) immediately before and after participating in a short aging simulation workshop. Significant pre- to-posttest increases in KOP scores were identified for nurses, physicians, psychologists, other clinical employees, and nonclinical employees, but not among medical support assistants, nurse assistants, and social workers. There existed no significant differences between each group's pretest scores; however, staff of higher educational achievement had significantly higher posttest scores as compared to persons of lower educational status. This short aging simulation workshop was successful in increasing positive attitudes towards older adults among staff who had higher educational achievement. 相似文献
18.
Transitions from education into work, or as part of career change and development, are increasingly central to policy debate and academic inquiry. However, the role that employers play in shaping transition is often overlooked. In this paper, we examine this issue through the experiences of a graduating cohort of ‘degree apprentices’. We present original analysis of new empirical data from what we believe to be the first substantive qualitative longitudinal research conducted with those experiencing this new vocational pathway in the English Apprenticeships system. Through analysis of repeat semi-structured interviews with 22 degree apprenticeship graduates (44 interviews in total), we provide early empirical insights into experiences of this new pathway and add to existing theoretical conceptualisations of transition within the educational literature and the employer's role within it. We show that the degree apprentice to graduate transition can be broken down into three key stages: ‘getting in’, ‘getting on’ and ‘going further’, and that employers—at both strategic and relational levels—shape experiences at each stage. 相似文献
19.
Sean McEvoy 《English in Education》1991,25(3):71-78
The media debate about Shakespeare sparked off by Prince Charles's speech earlier this year has already been referred to in several articles in this edition. Although all the media comment agreed that it is of paramount importance that students study Shakespeare, there was hardly any consideration of what such study might involve, beyond the development of a reverential "acquaintanceship". In this article, Sean McEvoy discusses this blank reverence and proposes a more theoretically-informed, politically-aware pedagogy. 相似文献
20.
King MA Glynn JA Mitchell SR 《Sports biomechanics / International Society of Biomechanics in Sports》2011,10(4):391-406
A subject-specific angle-driven computer model of a tennis player, combined with a forward dynamics, equipment-specific computer model of tennis ball-racket impacts, was developed to determine the effect of ball-racket impacts on loading at the elbow for one-handed backhand groundstrokes. Matching subject-specific computer simulations of a typical topspin/slice one-handed backhand groundstroke performed by an elite tennis player were done with root mean square differences between performance and matching simulations of < 0.5 degrees over a 50 ms period starting from ball impact. Simulation results suggest that for similar ball-racket impact conditions, the difference in elbow loading for a topspin and slice one-handed backhand groundstroke is relatively small. In this study, the relatively small differences in elbow loading may be due to comparable angle-time histories at the wrist and elbow joints with the major kinematic differences occurring at the shoulder. Using a subject-specific angle-driven computer model combined with a forward dynamics, equipment-specific computer model of tennis ball-racket impacts allows peak internal loading, net impulse, and shock due to ball-racket impact to be calculated which would not otherwise be possible without impractical invasive techniques. This study provides a basis for further investigation of the factors that may increase elbow loading during tennis strokes. 相似文献