思想政治理论教学与培养大学生坚持党的领导意识

培养和增强大学生坚持党的领导意识,造就合格的社会主义事业的建设者和接班人,是大学生思想政治教育的重要议题。思想政治理论课教学是对大学生进行思想政治教育的主阵地,通过教学培养大学生坚持党的领导意识,形成良好的政治素质,对大学生的健康成长和社会主义政治文明及现代化事业顺利发展极为必要。     

A self-determination approach to understanding students' motivation in project work

The use of project work (PW) or project-based learning has escalated in Singapore since its inception by the Ministry of Education in the year 2000. There is however little information on students' motivation, and their experience of PW over time. This study sought to identify homogeneous groups of students with distinct perceived locus of causality (PLOC) profiles using a cluster analytic approach, and to examine group differences in their perceived psychological needs, emotions, metacognition, and perceived skills learned in PW over time. Four distinct clusters of students were identified. The “high self-determined/low controlled” group was the most adaptive cluster, and the “low self-determined/high controlled” group was the least adaptive cluster. The study affirms that the self-determination theory (SDT) can provide important insights into the motivational processes in PW. It establishes that students' motivational regulations and their perceived needs satisfaction at the start of PW are related to their experience of and learning in PW.     

Uncovering Malaysian Secondary School Students’ Academic Hardiness in Science,Conceptions of Learning Science,and Science Learning Self-Efficacy: a Structural Equation Modelling Analysis

The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between academic hardiness in science, conceptions of learning science, and science learning self-efficacy among Malaysian middle school students. The respondents were 320 eighth-grade students from two selected Malaysian middle schools. Three questionnaires were used for this survey: Academic Hardiness in Science (AHS) regarding “commitment,” Conceptions of Learning Science (COLS), including “memorizing,” “calculating and practicing,” and “understanding and seeing in a new way,” and Science Learning Self-Efficacy (SLSE), consisting of “cognition,” “practical work,” “everyday application,” and “science communication.” These three questionnaires were validated and found to be reliable for measuring students’ AHS, COLS, and SLSE. Pearson’s correlation findings indicated that AHS was significantly and positively correlated to all the factors in COLS and SLSE, and all the factors in COLS were significantly and positively correlated to all the factors in SLSE. The relationships among AHS, COLS, and SLSE were then identified by the structural equation model technique. Students with a high commitment to learning science, and who perceived learning science as understanding and seeing in a new way are prone to have confidence at all levels of science learning self-efficacy.

     

技术能力、技术进步路径与创新绩效研究

伴随经济总量快速增长尤其是经济开放度与国际化程度不断提高,我国核心技术创新能力相对低下等问题日益凸现。围绕技术创新能力,本文实证研究技术能力约束、技术进步路径演变与创新绩效问题。研究结果显示:技术能力对技术进步路径选择产生较显著影响,这突出反应在技术投入能力、技术创新条件、技术知识积累等方面;政府调控能力、市场竞争、市场需求等因素对技术路径选择产生重要影响,但差异较大,技术进步也存在一定的路径依赖性;技术能力、技术进步路径对创新绩效均产生正向影响。为此,应不断优化技术进步路径,关注技术进步的持续性、累积效应,最终实现技术引进向自主创新转型。     

Fourth Way in action: teacher education in Singapore

Policy makers are often looking for solutions to develop their educational systems in today’s highly competitive knowledge-based economy. Hargreaves and Shirley’s Fourth Way provides a useful approach in analysing policy trends, successes and pitfalls, based on an observation of practices and research evidences in the west, particularly, the USA and the UK. This article discusses and illustrates how teacher education in Singapore reflects the Fourth Way in action.     

Scaffolding writing using feedback in students’ graphic organizers – novice writers’ relevance of ideas and cognitive loads

This paper aims to find out two outcomes of feedback in the novice writers’ graphic organizers, which are the novice writers’ ability to align their ideas to their writing goal, and their perceived germane, metacognitive, extraneous and intrinsic cognitive loads when generating and revising ideas based on the feedback. Data was gathered from the students’ graphic organizers, mental difficulty questionnaires and focus group discussion. The findings show that the students’ relevance of ideas improved with feedback in their organizers, except for one sub‐process. In addition, the students’ metacognitive load seems to affect the amount of ideas generated. These findings have implications for media selection mix and social collaborative environments.

Rückmeldung über graphische Organizer von Studenten unterstützt das Schreiben – Relevanz von Anfänger Ideen und Erinnerungsnotizen

Mit diesem Beitrag soll versucht werden, die Ergebnisse zweier Rückmeldungen über die graphischen Organizer von Anfängern zu finden: die Fähigkeit des Anfängers seine Gedanken dem Schreibziel anzupassen und seine erwartete Relevanz metakognitiv, sachfremde und intrinsisch kognitive Beiträge beim Erzeugen und Überprüfen von Ideen, die auf dem Feedback beruhen, zu nutzen. Die Daten wurden auf den graphischen Organizern der Studenten gesammelt, ebenso schwierig zu bearbeitende Fragebögen und Gruppendiskussionen. Es zeigte sich, dass die Relevanz der Ideen mit dem Feedback auf den Organizern der Studenten wuchsen, außer für einen Sub‐Prozess. Zusätzlich scheint der metakognitve Beitrag der Studenten die Menge der erzeugten Ideen zu beeinflussen.

Un appui à l’écriture reposant sur l’usage de la rétroalimentation dans les organisateurs graphiques des étudiants ‐ sur la pertinence des idées des novices de l’écrit et sur les charges cognitives

Le but du présent article est de trouver deux résultats de la rétroaction dans les organisateurs graphiques des apprentis écrivains nommément: la capacité des novices de l’écrit pour aligner leurs idées sur leurs objectifs d’écriture et les charges métacognitives appropriées, étranges et intrinsèques telles qu’ils les perçoivent lorsqu’ils révisent ou produisent des idées fondées sur la rétroaction. On a recueilli des données provenant des organisateurs graphiques des étudiants, des questionnaires sur la difficulté intellectuelle et les discussions de groupes ciblées. Les résultats obtenus montrent que que la pertinence des idées des étudiants s’améliorait avec la rétroaction dans leurs organisateurs sauf pour un sous‐processus. En outre la charge métacognitive des étudiants semble affecter la quantité d’idées produites.

Un apoyo a la escritura basado en el uso de la retroalimentación en los organizadores gráficos de los estudiantes, en la pertinencia de las ideas de los novatos de la escritura y en las cargas cognitivas

La finalidad de este artículo es de encontrar dos resultados en la retroalimentación de los organizadores gráficos de los novatos de la escritura que serían: _la capacidad de los dichos novatos de sintonizar sus ideas con sus objetivos de escritura y_ las cargas metacognitivas ajenas y intrinsecas tal como las perciben cuando producen o revisan ideas basadas en la retroalimentación. Datos fueron recogidos de los organizadores gráficos de los estudiantes, de los cuestionarios de agilidad intelectual y de los debates de grupos enfocados. Los resultados muestran que la pertinencia de las ideas de los estudiantes mejoró con la retroalimentación en sus organizadores si no fuera por un solo subproceso. Además a lo que parece, la carga metacognitiva de los estudiantes afecta la cantidad de ideas producidas.     

Psychometric quality of a student evaluation of teaching survey in higher education

Student evaluations of teaching (SET) are used globally by higher education institutions for performance assessment of academic staff and evaluation of course quality. Higher education institutions commonly develop their own SETs to measure variables deemed relevant to them. However, ‘home-grown’ SETs are rarely assessed psychometrically. One potential consequence of this limitation is that an invalidated instrument may not provide accurate information for the intended purposes. Moreover, in the absence of psychometric assessment, the students’ voices collected by the SETs often fail to provide insight relative to their intended purpose. The present study evaluates a ‘home-grown’ SET using a Rasch model and confirmatory factor analysis. Our results identified weaknesses in two areas: the rating categories and the number of items used to measure the intended constructs. Suggestions are provided to address these weaknesses. This work provides an additional tool set for critical analysis of SET that is generally applicable for a variety of institutions, including those in Asia.     

Academic dishonesty among Hong Kong secondary school students: application of theory of planned behaviour

The theory of planned behaviour was used to examine academic dishonesty among secondary school students in Hong Kong. Participants were 386 students in Forms 1–3 (Grades 7–9). Attitudes toward cheating, perceived behavioural control, and moral obligation were positively related to the intention to cheat, but only the subjective norm against cheating was significantly related to self-reported cheating behaviour. The subjective norm was both a predictor of self-reported cheating and a moderator of the relationship between the intention to cheat and self-reported cheating: the intention predicted the behaviour only when the subjective norm against cheating was perceived to be weak.