A note on the Marcinkiewicz integral operators on Fp^a,q

In this paper, we shall prove that the Marcinkiewicz integral operator #n, when its kernel Ω satisfies the L^1-Dini condition, is bounded on the Triehel-Lizorkin spaces. It is well known that the Triehel-Lizorkin spaces are generalizations of many familiar spaces such as the Lehesgue spaces and the Soholev spaces. Therefore, our result extends many known theorems on the Marcinkiewicz integral operator. Our method is to regard the Marcinkiewicz integral operator as a vector valued singular integral. We also use another characterization of the Triehel-Lizorkin space which makes our approach more clear.     

Towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals: Revisiting language of instruction in Tanzanian secondary schools

Research has been conducted on the detrimental effects of using a foreign language for learning in Tanzania’s secondary schools. While most studies recommend the use of a familiar language for instruction, the use of a foreign language in secondary education in Tanzania has been maintained. This has many consequences on the quality of education, and contributes to student dropout. Presenting a study carried out in the semi-rural areas of Dar es Salaam region in Tanzania, this article examines the extent to which language of instruction (LOI) contributes to school dropout. It postulates that the use of a foreign language for teaching and learning in Tanzanian secondary schools hinders the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study’s findings, drawn from exploratory and qualitative narrative research, indicate that, notwithstanding the presence of several other factors, the use of a foreign language as LOI is a major contributor to student dropout. The use of an unfamiliar language of instruction contributes to students’ lack of interest in and disengagement from learning, which ultimately pushes them out of the school system. This is because students usually perform poorly when an unfamiliar language is used as the language of examination and in classroom interaction. The study also reveals that the voices of both teachers and students are not in consonance with what would be expected in an ideal classroom teaching and learning environment. Student dropout from secondary education caused by an inappropriate LOI leads to myriad further problems which, in turn, negatively affect realisation of the SDGs in Tanzania. This article, therefore, concludes that LOI needs to be strongly factored into the development agenda. In order to ensure equitable access to quality secondary education, as required by SDG 4, the Government of Tanzania needs to adopt a language policy that promotes effective teaching and equal access to quality education in secondary schools.     

Developing an overarching legal framework for critical service delivery in America’s cities: Three recommendations for enhancing security and reliability

State and Local governments must develop an overarching legal foundation to manage critical service delivery in an electronic environment. Prior to establishing a foundation, decision-makers must first adopt a philosophy that focuses and harnesses expressions of law and public policy. The research and development community must supports the nation’s efforts with programs designed to aid in the risk assessment process. These programs must focus on identifying better ways to quantify risk, understanding infrastructure interdependency, and measuring cascading damages flowing from service outages. Finally, State and Local leaders should adopt security guidelines for industry and government service providers. Guidelines involve ten well-defined process requirements, all of which must be implemented to provide services online and in a safe and secure manner.     

Reinhard Werth: Legasthenie und andere Lesestörungen. Wie man sie erkennt und behandelt

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Assessing Standards in the “Real” Kindergarten Classroom

The importance of using standards as key components in the curriculum is documented in both popular and professional literature. One aspect of integrating standards into the curriculum is the role of assessment. The focus of this paper is to prepare early childhood teachers to assess children's knowledge of the standards within the routines and centers provided in the kindergarten learning environment. Teachers can use this information to develop authentic assessment strategies which typically occurs in a child's learning during center and group time.     

Do Phonological and Executive Processes in English Learners at Risk for Reading Disabilities in Grade 1 Predict Performance in Grade 2?

This study determined the degree to which the phonological and executive components of memory reflect language‐specific capacities in reading achievement. We tested whether the memory processes in a sample of English‐language learners that played a major role in predicting second‐language acquisition and risk for reading disability (RD) in Grade 1 (Swanson, Sáez, Gerber, & Leafstedt, 2004) also predicted reading performance in Grade 2. The present results showed that Spanish short‐term memory (STM) performance in Grade 1 predicted basic Spanish‐reading skills and Spanish comprehension in Grade 2, whereas Grade 1 English STM performance predicted English vocabulary and English comprehension in Grade 2. More importantly, children at risk for RD in Grade 1 differed from the counterparts in Grade 2 on both English and Spanish measures of reading, whereas their memory deficits were isolated to Spanish STM and working memory (WM). The relationship between language‐specific processes in memory and reading are discussed.     

Recordkeeping in local government in norway 1950–2000

In the Skandinavian countries local government agencies provide a big part of the puclic services and have a great impact on society. They are seldom considered in archival research. This paper discusses the practises of municipal recordkeeping in Norway 1950–2000, focusing on how the administrative, legal and technological factors may have affected the content and structures of the archives.