The role of affective orientation in the five factor personality structure

This study examined how Affective Orientation (AO) is positioned within the Five Factor model of personality to impact communication processes. Being emotionally guided by one's emotions should not be redundant with the lexically‐driven factors, but should demonstrate conceptual overlap in appropriate areas, a prediction which was confirmed.

AO related only to Extraversion and Neuroticism (n=234) but not to Conscientiousness, Openness, or Agreeableness. Importantly the Five Factor model accounted for 20% of the AO variance, and AO demonstrated factorial independence, suggesting that Affective Orientation is best described at the facet level of the Five Factor model. Females scored significantly higher than males on AO, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness.     

The impact of technological convergence on the regulation of ICT industries

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to identify alternative models of regulation that address the problems and opportunities brought about by convergence. Regulatory convergence involves bringing together previously separate industry‐based regulations into a single legal and regulatory framework. Regulators need to consider different levels of and objectives for regulating sectors as well as overcome inconsistencies in regulation that result from traditional separation. These can result in regulatory arbitrage as companies try to choose the laws and bodies that most benefit them. Regulators also must deal with technological uncertainty and competition policies. There are five alternatives for regulating converging industries: status quo regulator, multi‐sector regulator, ICT regulator, coordination among regulators, and minimal regulation. Each of these represents different degrees of change that can be chosen based on circumstances including: competition, path dependency, perceptions about the environment, knowledge, and power.     

Attacker's advantages in a homogeneous market: The case of GSM

Abstract

This article deals with the market entry and competitive strategies of two third entrants into the Western European GSM market: The Greek mobile communications operator Cosmote and the German operator E‐Plus. Starting point of our research is the analysis of the entire Western European GSM market, which shows a broad variance in performance indicators of the operators although the market characteristics regarding the product, the supply and the demand side are quite homogeneous. In order to explain the performance variance and the success of late movers we examine the market entry and competitive strategy of the most successful third entrant in Western Europe, Cosmote, and contrast this case to E‐Plus. The market environment and the company characteristics of both companies are similar, but their performance differs significantly. The major results of our analysis are (1) that quality of service, including particularly the network coverage at launch and in the first stage, is more important than time to market, (2) that the image of an operator depends strongly from the customer's perception in the starting phase, and (3) that the commitment in combination with the resources of the shareholders are crucial for the operators’ success.     

Girls rule!: gender,feminism, and nickelodeon

Nickelodeon is a powerful commercial cable network of television, internet activities, toy manufacturing, and video production. The network has been recognized by both industry professionals and media scholars for its representation of girls as strong, intelligent lead characters. Focusing on entertainment programs Clarissa Explains It All and As Told by Ginger, as well as on Nickelodeon's non‐fiction children's news program, Nick News, I argue that the media context of girl power, combined with the increasing recognition of adolescent girls as both powerful citizens and consumers, offers what at times looks like a radical gesture in terms of disrupting dominant gender relations. However, we can also read the mainstream embrace of girl power as a restabilization of particular categories of gender, so that this “radical” challenge moves toward the entrenchment of conventional gender relations.     

The empowerment of women dairy farmers in India

This study explores the role of communication in the empowerment process of female dairy farmers in India, through a program that particularly draws on the theoretical perspectives of Paulo Freire and Saul Alinsky regarding empowerment. Female dairy fanners who participated in this communication program were more empowered than female dairy farmers who did not participate.     

Reviews: Ethics,consulting, and communication

Ethics in Human Communication (2nd ed.). Edited by Richard L. Johannesen. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1983, pp. x + 244. $8.95.

Ethics, Morality and the Media: Reflections on American Culture. Edited by Lee Thayer. New York: Hastings House, 1980, pp. xvi + 302. $21.50 (cloth) or $11.95 (paper).

Ethical Perspectives and Critical Issues in Intercultural Communication. Edited by Nobleza C. Asuncion‐Landé. Falls Church, VA: Speech Communication Association, 1978, pp. x + 179. $7.00.

Organization Development and Change (2nd ed.). By Edgar F. Huse. St. Paul: West Publishing, 1980, pp. xiv + 528. $22.50.

Trends and Issues in OD: Current Theory and Practice. Edited by W. Warner Burke and Leonard D. Goodstein. San Diego: University Associates, 1980, pp. vii + 351. $18.50.

Consultation. Edited by Thomas Backer and Edward Glaser. Los Angeles: Human Interaction Research Institute. Triannually. No charge.

Group and Organization Studies. Edited by Marshall Sashkin. San Diego: University Associates. Quarterly. $28.00 (individuals) and $54.00 (institutions).

Training and Development Journal. Edited by Patricia Galagen Hurley. Washington: American Society for Training and Development. Monthly. $40.00 (non‐members).     

Taking sides: Analyzing news of the US September 11 incident in the Chinese and Taiwanese press

This study examines news reports of the US September 11 incidents in the Chinese and Taiwanese press. In the Chinese press, the party newspaper (People's Daily) and the new mass‐appeal tabloid (Nanfang Daily) were studied. In the Taiwanese press, the traditional top circulation newspaper (United Daily) and the emerging pro‐Taiwan independent newspaper (Liberty Times) were chosen. Based upon a content analysis of news reports, supplemented with Chinese and Taiwanese government documents, the study found that the Chinese and Taiwanese press tended to report the incident along with the government stances and each represented its own side even after the economic reform and ruling party shift. However, the mass‐appeal tabloid in China moved slightly toward the pattern found in capitalist countries, without violating the government policy severely. The pro‐Taiwan independent newspaper showed more loyalty to the ruling party, but both Taiwanese newspapers covered diverse topics apart from the government stance. To what degree did the press follow the government stances? This study provided the preliminary answer that business interests might influence the press not to follow completely the government stances.     

The relationships among loneliness,self/partner constructive maintenance behavior,and relational satisfaction in two cultures

Previous research has shown that individuals in a close relationship or with good support network can suffer loneliness and that feelings of loneliness can cause negative perceptions of relationship quality and communication behavior of self and partner. The present study investigated the associations of self‐/partner‐perceived constructive communication behavior with loneliness and relational satisfaction in close relationships in South Korea and the United States. The results indicated that lonely individuals perceived themselves and their partners as displaying positive behaviors significantly less than did non‐lonely individuals, regardless of culture. Lonely people felt significantly less satisfied in a relationship than did their non‐lonely counterparts across cultures. However, as predicted, cultural differences emerged with respect to the significant indicators of loneliness: only self behavior for Koreans and only partner behavior for Americans. The results suggest that even a moderate level of loneliness can affect perceptions of constructive communication effort by self and others and relational satisfaction in close relationships across cultures.