角色理论视角下的民族认同与国家认同教育

民族认同与国家认同教育一直是我国民族地区学校教育的重要内容,特纳的过程角色理论尽管是从社会学的角度来探讨个体角色的形成机制,但对我国民族地区学校的民族认同与国家认同教育不无启发意义.本文以特纳的角色理论为视角,探讨民族地区学校教育如何帮助少数民族学生通过角色认同与角色互动实现民族认同与国家认同的统一.     

Changing attitudes and emotions toward coyotes with experiential education

ABSTRACT

An experiential education program was designed to target risk perceptions and preventative measures that make people feel comfortable in human-coyote interactions. The research was conducted in a Canadian national park where a coyote caused a human fatality in 2009. Based on previous research, we explored the effects of an experience-based coyote education program on people's (a) attitudes toward, (b) fear of, (c) likelihood of, and (d) control over coming into contact with coyotes. A pre-post-test experiment (n = 150; 96% completion rate) was conducted. The experiential education approach to wildlife safety and coexistence communication had a significant positive effect on people's attitudes, significantly decreased their sense of fear toward coyotes, significantly decreased their sense of likelihood, and increased their sense of control in human-coyote interactions.     

Behavioral momentum and relapse of extinguished operant responding

Previous experiments on behavioral momentum have shown that relative resistance to extinction of operant behavior in the presence of a stimulus depends on the rate of reinforcement associated with that stimulus, even if some of those reinforcers occur independently of the behavior. We present three experiments examining whether the rate of reinforcement in the presence of a stimulus similarly modulates the relative relapse of operant behavior produced by reinstatement, resurgence, and renewal paradigms. During baseline conditions, pigeons responded for food reinforcement on variable-interval 120-sec schedules in alternating periods of exposure to two stimuli arranged by a multiple schedule. Additional response-independent food presentations were also delivered in the presence of one of the multiple-schedule stimuli. Consistent with previous research, baseline response rates were lower in the presence of the stimulus with the added response-independent reinforcement, and relative resistance to extinction was greater in the presence of that stimulus. In addition, following extinction, the relative relapse of responding produced by reinstatement, resurgence, and renewal paradigms was greater in the presence of the stimulus associated with the higher rate of reinforcement. We suggest that a model of extinction from behavioral momentum theory may be useful for understanding these results.     

网络评论促进大学生对外群体态度的实证分析

本研究采用行为实验的方法,探讨网络评论是否能够促进大学生对外群体成员的积极态度。研究结果表明:阅读网络评论的个体与外群体成员在现实生活中进一步接触的意愿更加强烈,与外群体成员有更小的社会距离;不同身份网络用户的评论对接触意愿及社会距离的影响存在显著差异。     

吐鲁番地区参考作物蒸散发模型适用性评价

吐鲁番地区干旱少雨,蒸发量远大于降水量,是中国水资源严重匮乏的地区之一。准确估算参考作物蒸散发量（ET₀）是吐鲁番地区农田灌溉系统设计和发展节水农业的基础。利用吐鲁番站2000—2015年作物生长季（4—10月）的气象资料,基于线性回归、均方根误差（RMSE）、平均绝对误差（MAE）和平均相对误差（MRE）评价指标,以FAO-56 Penman-Monteith （FAO-56 PM）模型为标准,评价Priestley-Taylor （P-T）、Hargreaves-Samani（H-S）、Jensen-Haise（J-H）、Turc、Makkink-Allen （M-A）、Trajkovic（Traj）、Makkink-Hansen（M-H）和Berti-Hargreaves（B-H）模型在吐鲁番地区的适用性,并分析各模型偏差原因。结果如下：1）所有模型在生长季期间均呈单峰型变化趋势;H-S、Traj和B-H模型高估月ET₀,其他模型均在不同程度上表现出低估现象。2）Traj温度模型模拟精度最高,其RMSE、MAE和MRE分别为6.38 mm、5.69 mm和4.29%; M-H辐射模型模拟精度次之,Turc辐射模型模拟精度最差。3）R_n和VPD是影响温度和辐射模型计算值偏差的主要气象因子。同时分析FAO-56 PM模型计算的ET₀和蒸发皿蒸发量之间的关系,为利用蒸发皿水面蒸发量估算吐鲁番地区ET₀提供参考。     

Divided attention performance and the matching law

This experiment examined the applicability of the generalized matching law to changes in divided-attention performance produced by variations in relative reinforcement rate. Pigeons were exposed to a delayed matching-to-sample procedure in which compound samples (color 1 line orientation) and element comparisons (two colors or two line orientations) were used. The relative rate of reinforcement for accurate matches on the two types of comparison trials was varied. Variations in relative accuracy with changes in relative reinforcement were well described by the generalized matching law. We suggest that the bias and sensitivity parameters of the generalized matching law may measure the contributions of sensory activation and stimulus pertinence, respectively, to divided-attention performance. Additional work using similar analyses might contribute to a more general quantitative account of how differential consequences contribute to decision processes involved in the allocation of attention.     

对哈尔滨体育学院档案管理工作的几点思考

本文紧紧围绕体育学院的特点,并通过一年多档案的工作、学习之后,对档案的原始性、信息性、知识性等档案属性有了一个正确的认识,客观分析了当前档案管理方面临的难点与问题,就学院档案现状条件、管理、难点与问题等几个方面谈点粗浅的看法,并有针对性地提出了加强学院档案管理科学化、规范化、制度化建设的思路。     

常宁市铅锌冶化产业循环经济体系的构筑

该文对常宁市铅锌产业的矿产、开采及二次资源现状进行了总结,并对其现有铅锌产业的优势和不足进行了分析。结合铅锌产业的特点,就常宁市铅锌产业循环发展提出了建议和思考。     

一种用于不同系统平台间XML格式元数据交换的实用方法

以中国农业大学图书馆在数字化资源建设研究和实验过程遇到的XML格式元数据交换问题为例，归纳总结出了不同系统平台间XML格式元数据交换中需要注意的问题，并举例介绍了一种借助XSLT进行数据格式转换进而实现不同系统平台间XML格式元数据交换的实用方法。