Telling physical education teacher education tales through pedagogical case studies

This paper analyses two pedagogical case studies (PCS) from a multidisciplinary perspective to highlight the problems of theoretical knowledge in tertiary physical education teacher education (PETE) programmes, school-based physical education (PE) practice and continuous professional learning (CPL) in PE. We argue that a critical view of tertiary PETE and PE teacher educator CPL practice or practices is particularly important if PETE programmes want to develop future PE and current teacher practitioners who are transformative agents. In setting up the pedagogical case study accounts, we recall common conversations about the bodies of knowledge in tertiary PETE programmes that have been positioned as problematic. The accounts highlight the existence of an artificial divide between PE educators as theory generators and both pre-service PE teachers and school-based PE practitioners as theory appliers. We suggest that part of the reason why this divide exists can be attributed to a general misunderstanding of theoretical and practical knowledge that have been wrongly compartmentalised into ‘theory’ and ‘practice’, and hence erroneously taught as isolated entities without any connection or direct link with each other, or the former considered to be less relevant and perhaps even irrelevant in practice.     

The effect of pooling and evaluation depth on IR metrics

Batch IR evaluations are usually performed in a framework that consists of a document collection, a set of queries, a set of relevance judgments, and one or more effectiveness metrics. A large number of evaluation metrics have been proposed, with two primary families having emerged: recall-based metrics, and utility-based metrics. In both families, the pragmatics of forming judgments mean that it is usual to evaluate the metric to some chosen depth such as \(k=20\) or \(k=100\), without necessarily fully considering the ramifications associated with that choice. Our aim is this paper is to explore the relative risks arising with fixed-depth evaluation in the two families, and document the complex interplay between metric evaluation depth and judgment pooling depth. Using a range of TREC resources including NewsWire data and the ClueWeb collection, we: (1) examine the implications of finite pooling on the subsequent usefulness of different test collections, including specifying options for truncated evaluation; and (2) determine the extent to which various metrics correlate with themselves when computed to different evaluation depths using those judgments. We demonstrate that the judgment pools constructed for the ClueWeb collections lack resilience, and are suited primarily to the application of top-heavy utility-based metrics rather than recall-based metrics; and that on the majority of the established test collections, and across a range of evaluation depths, recall-based metrics tend to be more volatile in the system rankings they generate than are utility-based metrics. That is, experimentation using utility-based metrics is more robust to choices such as the evaluation depth employed than is experimentation using recall-based metrics. This distinction should be noted by researchers as they plan and execute system-versus-system retrieval experiments.     

倘若她是天使

有着俊朗外貌的Tommy Shane Steinerr以纯正的乡村歌喉演唱着属于他牛仔风格的歌曲。他出道后,受到了许多前辈的关注和提携:连续11年主持乡村音乐协会年度颁奖典礼的歌星Vince Gill出人意料地为Steiner的主推曲What If She’s An Angel配唱了合     

Ability and Achievement Characteristics of Australian University Students with Self-Reported Specific Learning Disabilities

There is a lack of empirical data on the ability and achievement characteristics of Australian university students seeking accommodation under the Disability Discrimination Act because of Specific Learning Disabilities (SLD). A series of 30 self-referred students was assessed individually using an extensive test battery (WJ-R) based on a modern, comprehensive model of intelligence and achievement. Comparisons with known characteristics of North American students with and without SLD are reported as well as individual profile patterns relevant to definitions of SLD. Intra-cognitive weaknesses were found in cognitive processing speed, memory, auditory and visual intelligence. Contrary to expectation, reading was not an area of weakness. As expected, basic writing skills were poor for many students (18 out of 30). The variability of profile patterns requires an individualised approach to assessment, careful translation into recommendations, and ongoing evaluation of learning outcomes.     

New Assistant Professors of Counselor Education: Their Preparation and Their Induction

The literature documents that there has been a limited number of qualified applicants to fill counselor education positions. This article features a profile of assistant professors who accepted their first counselor education positions in 1999 as well as their comments regarding their experiences as applicants. Recommendations derived from the data are included for counselor educators, professors‐in‐training, and search committees.     

“Deaths in Prison Custody” Capstone Course: Engaging Final-Year Law Students In Service Learning and Public Value

Capstone service learning courses are designed to overcome the negative effects of fractioned knowledge by enabling students to consolidate and apply what they have learned over a program of study. They also promote a scholarship of engagement. This article documents the learning experiences of students on a Deaths in Prison Custody capstone service learning course. Though such a criminal justice course requires significant staff input and involves some loss of educational control, it has many benefits including enhanced learning, meaningful service, public value, and civic engagement. The focus on this article is on student learning experiences. It outlines how the pragmatic focus of such a course made knowledge and student learning relevant and actionable. It also describes how the deliberately unstructured design of the course, together with its emphasis on pubic value, encouraged autonomous and self-directed learning, prompting the students to take greater ownership of their learning.     

Self-efficacy from the perspective of adolescents with LD and their specialist teachers

This study used qualitative methodology to investigate the self-efficacy beliefs of early adolescents with learning disabilities (LD). We conducted a series of focus group interviews with 28 Grade 8 and 9 students with LD and individual interviews with 7 specialist LD teachers. Content analyses of the student and teacher data resulted in 2 a priori and 3 inductive themes: self-efficacy, calibration and levels of self-efficacy, students' self-awareness, attributions for failure, and problems and solutions. The students viewed themselves as low in self-efficacy and generally accurate in the calibration of their efficacy and performance, whereas the teachers viewed the students as overconfident about academic tasks. In contrast to the teachers, the students viewed verbal persuasion as a valued source of self-efficacy. Students attributed their failures to lack of effort, whereas their teachers attributed student failure to uncontrollable deficits. Problems and solutions related to student motivation were discussed from student and teacher perspectives.     

Validating the Hornik & Woolf approach to choosing media campaign themes: Do promising beliefs predict behavior change in a longitudinal study?

Hornik and Woolf (1999) proposed using cross-sectional survey data to prioritize beliefs to address with communication campaign messages. The empirical component of the approach combines evidence of (1) association of beliefs with intentions and (2) current level of beliefs to calculate a “percentage to gain” as the potential promise of a belief. However, the method relies on cross-sectional data; its conclusions are open to challenge. Here, a panel study assesses whether the calculated promise of a belief actually predicts future behavior change. A nationally representative sample of 3,204 U.S. youth and young adults were interviewed twice, six months apart. Sixteen beliefs about the benefits and costs of smoking cigarettes are compared with regard to their percentage to gain (calculated from cross-sectional data) and their ability to account for subsequent cigarette use. A belief’s cross-sectional percentage to gain is substantially associated with its ability to predict subsequent behavior change (r = .53, p < .05).     

昆明青年环境价值取向与生活方式的调查分析

采用英国研究者在吉尔弗得社会调查中的同一问卷,对昆明市16～25周岁不同工种和学历的青年群体进行了问卷抽样和随机调查。调查集中于3个方面：1．探究昆明地区青年人在环境问题上的行为和意识;2．了解昆明地区青年人的基本生活方式和消费行为;3．分析昆明地区青年人的环境意识与物质主义的生活方式的关系。调查显示：昆明地区的青年人有较好的环境意识,大多数青年人对待环境的行为是友好的,但由于就业的难度,使得青年人在就业与环境保护之间处于两难境地;当所涉及的问题与所谓的“个人经济收入”有关时,青年们对这类问题的回答采取了犹豫的态度;在生活态度上昆明青年没有太强烈的倾向于物质主义的生活方式。     

Promoting student flow and interest in a science learning game: a design-based research study of School Scene Investigators

Educational technology research and development - We report on a design-based research study that was conducted over three iterations. It chronicles the design, development, and implementation of...