缙云麻鸭研究现状

缙云麻鸭具有体型小、耗料省、早熟高产等特点,是我国著名的高产蛋鸭。对缙云麻鸭的选育、生长规律、产蛋性能、免疫功能和饲养模式等方面的研究进行综述。     

Elementary Teachers’ Teaching for Conceptual Understanding: Learning From Action Research

This study reports teachers’ learning through action research on students’ conceptual understanding. The study examined (a) the teachers’ views about science teaching and learning, (b) the teachers’ learning about their teaching practices and (c) the conditions that supported the teachers’ learning through action research. A total of 14 elementary in-service teachers’ course discussion, self-video reflection, action research reports, and learning reflection were analyzed. Findings revealed that (a) the teachers in this study commonly espoused the importance of probing and utilizing students’ preconceptions in science teaching, but they demonstrated various levels of epistemological understanding of student learning and teaching, (b) the teachers experienced the action research as a means to evaluate science teaching methods and changing their teaching practices, and (c) the teachers identified sharing goals, problems, and solutions as an essential supporting condition for their learning through action research. Implications for professional development and further research are discussed.     

Children’s informal learning in the context of schools of the knowledge society

This paper builds on a key finding of a 5-year Danish research project con-cerning children in the 7 to 15 age group: children’s principal use of computers and the internet takes place in their spare time, and it is during their spare time that the majority of children really learn how to use interactive media. The project shows that in children’s spare-time use of ICT they employ informal forms of learning based to a large extent on their social interaction both in physical and virtual spaces. These informal learning forms can be identified as learning hierarchies, learning communities and learning networks; they are important contributions to the school of the knowledge society. The ICT in New Learning Environments project based on anthropologically inspired methods and social learning theories shows that students bring their informal forms of learning into the school context. This happens particularly when the school has undergone physical alterations and when its organisation of learning and teaching are also restructured, with project-based learning becoming an important part of the school work and with the media available in the learning environment. Using organisation theory, the school working with ICT and project-based learning is shown to simultaneously constitute a mixed mode between the school of the industrial and the knowledge society. The research shows that it is possible to tip the balance in the direction of the school of the knowledge society, and thus of the future, by comprehensively using ICT and project work in the day-to-day activities of the school, alongside and integrated with the traditional forms of learning, and not least by employing the informal learning processes children develop outside school. For teachers this will mean an extension of their function: no longer merely communicators of knowledge, they will have to become knowledge managers and overall leaders of projects, and this entails much more dialogue with the pupils.

民国图书馆学家徐旭的阅读指导思想研究

通过梳理徐旭的阅读指导思想发现其强调阅读指导的教育属性,他提出阅读指导的分众指导和分级指导原则,根据读者情况不同进行不同的指导,支持读者的系统学习;提出了完整的阅读指导框架,认为书目是阅读指导的基础,阅读习惯的养成需要引起兴趣并保持兴趣,读书方法的指导需因书而异,因人而异;注重阅读调查,关注读者阅读体验,并注重从多种渠道收集数据。徐旭的阅读指导思想体现了理论与实践的结合,对民国时期图书馆的阅读指导产生了积极影响,对当下图书馆阅读推广工作颇具参考价值。     

甜叶菊综合利用研究进展

甜叶菊是一种重要的制糖植物和药用植物,本文对近年来甜叶菊在制糖、医药、饮料等方面的综合利用进行了概述。     

现代工程教育理念指导下的工程训练教学方法改革与实践

为进一步完善先进制造技术的工程实训,我校以现代工程教育理念为指导对数控机床实训教学内容和教学方式进行了探索和改革,采用引导、激励和能力培养为主线的教学模式,取得了很好的教学效果。     

Friction stir welding effect on transverse rigidity and sound transmission characteristics of AZ31B magnesium alloy

AZ31B magnesium alloy was subjected to friction stir welding with various welding parameters. The equivalent Young’s moduli of the friction stir welded samples and the base material were obtained by the three-point method, and their transverse rigidities were obtained as well. Furthermore, the sound transmission characteristics of those samples were experimentally studied by four-microphone impedance tube method. The experimental results indicate that the transverse rigidities of the friction stir welded samples were only 79%, 83% and 92% of those of the base material, respectively. The sound transmission losses of the processed samples were also lower, which was largely due to the reduction of transverse rigidities induced by the decrease of equivalent Young’s moduli.     

Realtime vision-based surface defect inspection of steel balls

In the proposed system for online inspection of steel balls, a diffuse illumination is developed to enhance defect appearances and produce high quality images. To fully view the entire sphere, a novel unfolding method is put forward based on geometrical analysis, which only requires one-dimensional movement of the balls and a pair of cameras to capture images from different directions. Moreover, a realtime inspection algorithm is customized to improve both accuracy and efficiency. The precision and recall of the sample set were 87.7% and 98%, respectively. The average time cost on image processing and analysis for a steel ball was 47 ms, and the total time cost was less than 200 ms plus the cost of image acquisition and balls’ movement. The system can sort 18 000 balls per hour with a spatial resolution higher than 0.01 mm.     

Metacognitive Strategy Use in English Reading Comprehension

Metacogonitive strategies are in connection with the reading process. It is essential for language learners to master a series of metacogonitive strategies. Teachers should conduct metacognitive training among students. Thus, students are sure to improve their reading proficiency with some metacognitive knowledge during the reading process.     

基于模因论的大学英语写作教学

英语写作能力是衡量大学生英语综合能力的重要标准。模因论是一种阐释文化进化规律的理论,它借用生物进化模式探讨模因的复制、传播特点,揭示语言发展的规律。模因生命周期分为四个阶段:同化、记忆、表达、传输。依据模因生命周期四个阶段的不同特点实施不同的教学策略,在同化阶段积累好的例文素材;记忆阶段背诵精华融合沉淀;表达阶段反复练习灵活运用;传输阶段交流反馈,互评共讲。这四个阶段的转化训练是一种新的写作教学方法,能够提高学生写作教学效果。