Educating children to cope with death: A preventive model

Today's children increasingly are exposed to death in their environments. The professional literature indicates potentially adverse effects of unresolved childhood grief. These factors point to the need for death education to be included in the school curriculum, with a focus on promotion of health and prevention of disorders. School psychologists should be in the forefront of advocating, developing, and implementing such a program, in collaboration with the teachers. This article reviews what is known about children's conceptions of death, how children grieve, and relevant research. The guidelines of clinicians in the field are presented on such issues as explaining death to children, their attending funerals, and treating bereaved youths and their families. In addition the broad outline for a death education program is presented, incorporating developmental and theoretical principles about children's grieving process. The curriculum's goals are to provide students with appropriate information about the life cycle, to identify affective issues associated with grief, and to facilitate the development of effective coping strategies for managing bereavement reactions. A death education program may help students to more fully appreciate life while realizing that death is a natural part of the life process.     

中国B2C电子商务中消费者信任前因的实证研究

网上信任危机限制了消费者进行在线交易,提高消费者对在线公司的信任度是促进中国B2C电子商务发展的重要途径。论文对影响中国消费者对在线公司信任的因素进行了实证研究。研究发现,网站隐私保护与安全控制措施及政策、公司的规模与品牌是最重要的因素,消费者个体特征和公司网站的易用性等品质因素对信任没有显著影响。公司应该在安全技术及政策、规模以及知名度等方面采取措施来提高消费者对在线公司的信任度。     

服务商道德风险与资金限制下的研发外包契约选择:奖励还是惩罚

针对研发外包中服务商道德风险防范与激励问题,在考虑服务商自有资金限制下,设计了奖励成功、惩罚失败、奖—惩混合的研发外包契约,并对三种契约的可行性与有效性进行了比较,得到各类契约的选择条件。研究表明,奖-惩混合契约完全等价奖励契约或者惩罚契约,而服务商资金实力是影响契约可行性与有效性的关键因素。具体而言,当服务商资金实力很差,具有较大负债时,奖励与惩罚契约均不可行,客户不应该把研发项目外包给此类企业;而随着服务商资金实力的增加,负债减少到一定程度时,首先是惩罚契约可行,此后当服务商资金实力继续增加到一定程度,奖励契约才可行,并且惩罚契约优于奖励契约;当服务资金实力强到一定程度后,奖励契约与惩罚契约均可行,且二者等价。     

Interleukin-6 polymorphisms modify the risk of periodontitis： a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective  

To clarify the association of IL-6 polymorphisms and periodontitis, a meta-analysis of case-control studies and a systemic review were conducted.     

实用主义教育思想对 二十世纪二三十年代中国师生关系思想的影响

实用主义教育思想对二十世纪二三十年代中国师生关系思想有着极大的影响。当时我国教育理论界的大多数人都主张批判师道尊严,强调要以学生为中心,向学生学习,尊重学生个性,充分发挥学生的自动力,建立民主、平等、合作的师生关系。这些思想颠覆了我国传统师生关系理念,促使中国师生关系思想从传统走向现代。但也存在着盲目照搬,对我国传统师生关系思想否定太过,片面强调儿童中心,对教师的地位和作用估计太低,把以学生为本与儿童绝对中心相等同等缺点。     

蕴涵与寻绎：文化传承视阈下沧州武术戏的文化探微

运用文献资料法和田野调查法,从武术与戏曲结合的历史梳理入手,对沧州武术戏的起源和原初形态进行考察,总结了其原初形态的艺术特征.进而指出,侠义精神是武术戏推崇和宣扬的重要价值取向;沧州尚武的地缘文化造就了武术戏戏武结合重在武的形式特征;在唱腔与乐器配置、服装与器械使用、递帖与剧目搬演、互动与传承方式等方面都展现出浓郁的武术文化气息和历史印痕.     

Relationship between foot strike pattern,running speed,and footwear condition in recreational distance runners

Compared to competitive runners, recreational runners appear to be more prone to injuries, which have been associated with foot strike patterns. Surprisingly, only few studies had examined the foot strike patterns outside laboratories. Therefore, this study compared the foot strike patterns in recreational runners at outdoor tracks with previously reported data. We also investigated the relationship between foot strike pattern, speed, and footwear in this cohort. Among 434 recreational runners analysed, 89.6% of them landed with rearfoot strike (RFS). Only 6.9 and 3.5% landed with midfoot and forefoot, respectively. A significant shift towards non-RFS was observed in our cohort, when compared with previously reported data. When speed increased by 1 m/s, the odds of having forefoot strike and midfoot strike relative to RFS increased by 2.3 times and 2.6 times, respectively. Runners were 9.2 times more likely to run with a forefoot strike in minimalists compared to regular running shoes, although 70% of runners in minimalists continued to use a RFS. These findings suggest that foot strike pattern may differ across running conditions and runners should consider these factors in order to mitigate potential injury.     

Evidence for data missing at random in youth physical activity monitoring research

This study examined whether or not activity monitor data collected as part of a typical 7-day physical activity (PA) measurement protocol can be expected to be missing at random. A total of 315 participants (9–18 years) each wore a SenseWear Armband monitor for 7 consecutive days. Participants were classified as “compliant” (86 boys and 124 girls) if they had recorded accelerometer data during 70% or more of the predefined awake time (7 AM–10 PM) on four different days; and “non-compliant” (44 boys and 51 girls) when not meeting these criteria. Linear mixed models were used to examine differences in energy expenditure (EE) levels by compliance across 10 different time periods. The results indicated that non-compliant girls were older (13.4 ± 2.9 vs. 12.2 ± 2.5) and taller (156.8 ± 10.3 vs. 152.8 ± 11.3) than their same gender compliant peers (P < .05). Comparisons of EE rates at segmented portions of the day revealed no differences between compliant and non-compliant groups (P ≥ .05). Differences in EE ranged from ?0.32 kcal · kg^?1 · h^?1 (before school time) to 0.62 kcal · kg^?1 · h^?1 (physical education class) in boys and ?0.39 kcal · kg^?1 · h^?1 (transportation from school) to 0.37 kcal · kg^?1 · hour^?1 (recess) in girls. The results showed that compliant and non-compliant individuals differed in a few demographic characteristics but exhibited similar activity patterns. This suggests that data were considered to be missing at random, but additional work is needed to confirm this observation in a representative sample of children using other types of activity monitors and protocols.     

基于对应分析模型原理的户外运动安全风险研究

通过对我国2001年至2014年期间,258个户外运动安全事故案例的统计和分析,结合国内外相关研究,建立户外运动安全风险分析框架,将户外运动安全风险划分为4个维度,18个因素指标.根据对应分析模型原理,深入研究户外运动中季节、月份与时段风险的对应性关系,R(3.2.0)软件运行结果显示:户外运动中,凌晨和晚上的风险指数最高;春季、秋季的上午和下午时段,可能存在的伤亡风险几率较高;5月、9月、10月的上午和晚上,3月、6月、11月、12月的下午,1月和4月的凌晨时段,可能存在的伤亡风险几率更高.使用Minitab软件,根据累积贡献率80％以上为主要因素的帕累托原则得到8个主要风险因素和7个次要风险因素.     

Success Begins with Exploration--Zhou Changxin＇s heavy-color oil painting

With years of practice in mural and oil painting, Zhou Changxin has developed an innovative slyle of heavy-color oil painting by integratingtraditional freehand brushworks with use of thick and bright colors in Western painting.