Predicting ground reaction forces in running using micro-sensors and neural networks

Measurement of ground reaction force (GRF) in running provides a direct indication of the loads to which the body is subjected at each foot-ground contact, and can provide an objective explanation for performance outcomes. Traditionally, the collection of three orthogonal component GRF data in running requires an athlete to complete a series of return loops along a laboratory based runway, within which a force platform is embedded, in order to collect data from a discrete footfall. The major disadvantages associated with this GRF data collection methodology include the inability to assess multiple consecutive foot contacts and the fact that measurements are typically confined to the laboratory. The objective of this research was to investigate the potential for wearable instrumentation to be employed, in conjunction with artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR) models, for the estimation of GRF in middle distance running. A modular wearable data acquisition system was developed to acquire in-shoe force (ISF) data. Matched data sets from wearable instrumentation (source data) and force plate (target data) records were collected from elite middle-distance runners under controlled laboratory conditions for the purposes of ANN and MLR model development (MD) and model validation (MV). In terms of statistical measures of prediction accuracy the MLR model was found to provide a superior level of accuracy for the prediction of the vertical and medio-lateral components of GRF and alternatively, the ANN model provided the most accurate predictions of the anterior-posterior component of GRF. The prediction accuracy of each component of GRF was found to be governed by the inherent signal variability, in which case the vertical and anterior-posterior components were more reliable and subsequently predicted significantly more accurately than the medio-lateral component. The emerging capability for obtaining continuous GRF records from wearable instrumentation has the potential to permit unprecedented quantification of training stress and competition demands in running.     

体育教育实习成绩评估方案的研究

目前关于体育教学实习成绩的评定，各院校做法不一，还没有定论。但就目前各校的评估量表看，普遍较复杂，计算量大，指标多，内容不具体，因而不适用。而且对体育教学大都只重视一次公开课或检查课，对平时课堂教学不大重视。因此，制定出客观、全面、简便易行的评估指标体系就具有很重要的意义。     

影响女大学生参与体育活动的因素分析

运用行为科学理论，通过对665名女大学生参与体育活动情况的调查，揭示了女大学生对待体育活动的认识和实践的状况，分析了影响女大学生参与体育活动的主、客观原因。     

知行哲学在足球运动对抗中的运用研究

足球对抗的实质是相互间知行能力的竞争较量，足球对抗的知行特征为对抗中的知彼知己和避实击虚。     

健美操运动在高校校园文化建设中的作用

健美操运动是一种新型体育运动项目，因其融体操、舞蹈、音乐为一体，以健身、健美和健心为目的，成为高校校园体育化的重要组成部分，同时也在丰富、完善校园化建设，促进大学生全面发展，完成高等教育培养目标方面发挥着重要作用。     

The exploration of space

Desiring to give those of our readers who may not have heard the broadcast the opportunity of reading so clear a statement of such a large phase of astronomical research by so eminent an authority, we asked and were readily granted permission to reprint the text. Possibly those who did hear the broadcast will, like ourselves, welcome the privilege of reading and studying it at leisure. We therefore, present it here with much satisfaction.     

Evolution of an end-user training program

The University of Illinois at Chicago Library of the Health Sciences has taught end-user classes on the MEDLARS system since early 1985. Registration, class composition, and, most importantly, class organization evolved continuously during the first year of operation. Several feedback mechanisms were used. An examination of the past training and specialization of participants helped to determine teaching examples and pace; a more varied group of participants necessitated a broader range of examples and increased explanations. Participant evaluation forms and oral comments helped define scheduling, agenda, and the need for additional equipment and practice time. Further evaluation will center on the searching done by the program's alumni.