中国女子体育发展轨迹与成因探析

中国女子体育的发展,经历了曲折缓慢的过程。新中国成立后,中国女子体育的发展突飞猛进,在国际体坛上取得了瞩目的成就。本文从中国女子体育发展的历史轨迹中,探寻其兴衰变化的制约因素及其迅猛发展的原因。     

Implementing a Whole School Equal Opportunities Policy: a primary school in Humberside

This paper describes both the successes and problems in implementing a school equal opportunities policy in an inner city primary school. After observing their own and one another's practice and being observed by the researcher, teachers were asked to devise projects which would bring about greater equality in opportunity for girls and boys. Wherever possible projects were integrated into chosen topic work. Projects covered a variety of areas from craft, design and technology to caring jobs for boys and football for girls. Positive images of women and men in non‐traditional roles were introduced through bringing visitors into the school.     

Cancer in south Karnataka and its paradoxical relation to diabetes mellitus

The present work identifies a high incidence of oral cancer in south Karnataka. The primary reason for this could be due to extensive addiction to tobacco alone or tobacco and alcohol in most of these patients. The next in intensity was cancer of the breast and cervix among the cancer patients surveyed in south Karnataka. Majority of these patients had no specific addiction and the exact reason for this high incidence remains unclear. Only a small percentage of patients exhibited other types of organ related cancer. It has been reported that the incidence percentage of diabetes mellitus and cancer in India, parallel each other. However, we observed a low incidence of diabetes mellitus patients also having cancer in south Karnataka. Though the exact reason for this remains unclear an attempt has been made here to explain this phenomenon, hypothetically using information in literature, which suggests a suppression of cellular regenerative activity by sugar and sugar phosphates. Cellular regenerative activity is well known to be a prerequisite for cancer.     

Mathematics teaching during the early years in Hong Kong: a reflection of constructivism with Chinese characteristics?

This paper characterizes early mathematics instruction in Hong Kong. The teaching of addition in three pre‐primary and three lower primary schools was observed and nine teachers were interviewed about their beliefs about early mathematics teaching. A child‐centered, play‐based approach was evident but teachers emphasized discipline, diligence and academic success. Observations also revealed practices reflective of both constructivist and instructivist pedagogies. Results from interviews suggest that teachers' traditional cultural beliefs about instruction were challenged by western ideologies introduced in continuing professional development courses and by notions promulgated by the educational reforms. Both consistencies and inconsistencies between teachers' beliefs and practices were identified. Implications of the findings are discussed.     

TIFRAC, India’s first computer — A retrospective

To be associated with an important and challenging activity that is being carried out for the first time in the country is a truly memorable and satisfying, even if somewhat disquieting experience. I was privileged enough to have this opportunity when I was involved in the design and implementation of India’s first computer. TIFRAC (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Automatic Calculator) — so was it named by Jawaharlal Nehru when it was formally commissioned in 1960 — was a truly a unique computer. Some of the features of this machine are described later in this article. It is also my intention in this article to convey some of the excitement, adventure and sense of accomplishment that the successful completion of this exercise brought to the design team.     

学术自由与学术责任——大学学术发展的价值协调

学术自由是大学理念中一个最基本的学术价值观,它不仅是学术研究者的一种权利,而且体现为大学内部所特有的独立品格和精神。自17世纪末期近代大学形成以来,学术自由的理念不断强化,内涵不断丰富,逐步成为大学之所以为大学的基础、动力源和基本理念。三百年来,一方面学术自由使大学保持着宽松的研究氛围,传承文明,追求真理;另一方面,在所谓“学术自由”的保护伞下,一些研究人员却暗中接受政府巨额资金,为政府不光彩的行动出谋划策,学术腐败和对学生不负责任的行为也时有发生。对曾经寄予厚望、充满理想色彩的学术圣地——“大学”,人们已颇多…     

The Effects of Maternal Alcohol Consumption and Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Acoustic Cry Analysis

During the last trimester of pregnancy, 127 primiparous Irish mothers were interviewed to ascertain their history of alcohol and tobacco use. Confounding effects due to other drugs were not a factor in this sample. Mothers consumed an average of .21 ounces absolute alcohol (AA) per day, with 62% classified as moderate drinkers, 10.6% as heavy drinkers, and 26% as nondrinkers. Neurobehavioral status was measured using acoustic characteristics of the infant's cry, collected on the third day of life. Multiple regression analysis showed that more ounces AA per day was related to more dysphonation and higher first formant, while more cigarette smoking was related to higher pitch, higher second formant, and more variability in the second formant. Analysis of variance comparisons of these 3 alcohol groups demonstrated significant cry effects on infants of heavy drinking mothers.