基于文献计量的虚拟社区知识共享研究状况分析

本文采用文献计量学的方法,选择中国知网(CNKI)中国知识资源总库的相关数据库作为检索数据来源,2001-2010年10年间关于虚拟社区知识共享的研究论文作为分析数据,同时结合文献内容从文献总体、文献增长情况、空间分布、著者分布情况、研究热点、文献引用情况等角度分析我国关于虚拟社区知识共享的研究状况,总结虚拟社区知识共享研究的趋势和特点,希望对虚拟社区知识共享的深入研究提供一些借鉴与指导。     

Open Data: What It Is and Why You Should Care

Open data is information that is provided by public entities to be accessed and reused. Publishing open data is an excellent way to improve an organization’s transparency and provide insight into the value of the organization. Libraries are uniquely positioned to assist their patrons in the use of open data by making them aware of it and helping them access and use it. This article provides a short history of open data and explores ways that library trailblazers are already using open data as well as contributing open data for others to use. Getting started with open data involves identifying key open data resources such as data.gov, identifying library information that would be beneficial to publish, and creating programs that provide digital literacy training and create opportunities for patrons to engage with open data in new and creative ways.     

基于深度Q网络的水面无人艇路径规划算法

为实现水面无人艇(unmanned surface vessel, USV)在未知环境下的自主避障航行,提出一种基于深度Q网络的USV避障路径规划算法。该算法将深度学习应用到Q学习算法中,利用深度神经网络估计Q函数,有效解决传统Q学习算法在复杂水域环境的路径规划中容易产生维数灾难的问题。通过训练模型可有效地建立感知(输入)与决策(输出)之间的映射关系。依据此映射关系,USV在每个决策周期选择Q值最大的动作执行,从而能够成功避开障碍物并规划出最优路线。仿真结果表明,在迭代训练8 000次时,平均损失函数能够较好地收敛,这证明USV有效学习到了如何避开障碍物并规划出最优路线。该方法是一种不依赖模型的端到端路径规划算法。     

Distance learners of German and intercultural competence

The article describes a research project undertaken with advanced adult learners of German at a distance at The Open University, United Kingdom. Their gains in intercultural competence were investigated by looking at how far the students met the prescribed learning outcomes, their knowledge items, language skills, attitudes towards Germans and their assessment results. The findings show that this particular group of learners felt that they had achieved the different requirements of the stated learning outcomes to a surprisingly high level and demonstrated a high level of intercultural competence. In addition, these learners were able to articulate their opinions of commonly held attitudes and stereotypical views about Germans and offered reflective insights into why their personal attitudes differed in many respects from more commonly held views.     

Collaborative action research in Northern Canadian rural and Indigenous schools: learning about young children’s oral language in play contexts

This article reports on collaborative action research in twelve northern rural and Indigenous communities in four Canadian provinces. Pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, grade one, and Aboriginal Head Start teachers worked with university researchers in three universities to create action research projects with the aim of supporting children’s oral language and writing through play in their classrooms. Inductive analysis of focus group data shows that teachers gained understandings about play as a context both for supporting and for authentic assessment of young children’s oral language. The building of trusting relationships, built through ongoing collaboration with colleagues within their schools and across four provinces, in addition to collaboration with university researchers over a number of years, was viewed as particularly influential to teachers’ professional learning. Additionally, teachers talked about the value of opportunities to contribute to the development of teaching and assessment tools. Participating teachers came to see themselves as making valuable contributions to professional knowledge beyond their northern communities. The 4R’s for conducting research in Indigenous contexts (reciprocity, respect, relevance, and responsibility) provide a framework for deriving implications from this collaborative research. It is important that the results of collaborative action research conducted in rural and Indigenous schools be widely disseminated to provide alternative perspectives to curriculum, research and practice that tend to be urban-oriented.     

地理教学中的美育琐谈

美育是地理学科教学的基本任务之一。地理教材和我们的周边地理环境中蕴涵着丰富的美育资源，这是地理教学实施美育的优势所在。在地理教学中实施美育，需要加强对地理教学中的美育内涵的理解，需要充分开发地理美育的课程资源，还需要选择有效美育方法。     

《哈利·波特与密室》

Harry Potter and his pals are back for their second year at Hog-warts School of Witchcraft(魔法) and Wizardry(巫术), but things get a little dicey (冒险的) when students are suddenly turned into stone and a message on the school walls proclaims the Chamber of Secrets has been opened. What can it all mean?     

Mary Boole and curve stitching: a look into heaven

Mary Everest Boole had a lifelong interest in the unconscious mind, the psychology of learning, and how these relate to the teaching of mathematics and science. She recommended many practical exercises and teaching aids, one of which was the technique of curve stitching, which she had invented while still a child herself.     

eVALUate: an evaluation instrument for measuring students’ perceptions of their engagement and learning outcomes

In the current climate in Australian higher education, quality assurance in university teaching is a priority. In particular, the introduction of the Learning and Teaching Performance Fund (LTPF) has refocused attention on universities’ internal student evaluation survey instruments. This paper reports the development, validation and implementation of a new unit survey instrument which prompts students to reflect on what helps their achievement of unit learning outcomes, and to report their levels of motivation, engagement and overall satisfaction with a semester‐long course or unit of study. The instrument (eVALUate) was created from precepts reported in the research literature, current practices in evaluating teaching, and sound quality assurance practices appropriate to a university outcomes‐focused education paradigm.