Gathering Content-Related Validity Evidence for the School Leaders Licensure Assessment

A licensure assessment's purpose is to measure the relevant knowledge and skills required for safe and effective professional practice. Given the important role of licensure assessments, great care must be paid to the issue of validity: Is the assessment measuring what it claims to measure? In particular, evidence of a licensure assessment's content-related validity must be collected and evaluated prior to incorporating the assessment into a licensure process. The School Leaders Licensure Assessment was developed to be part of state licensure processes for entry-level school principals. To evaluate the use of the assessment for this purpose, a multistate panel of professionals examined the assessment and rendered judgments concerning its appropriateness. The results of this content-related validity study support the use of the School Leaders Licensure Assessment by affirming the relevance and importance of the content being assessed.     

Telling the Tale and Living Well: Adolescent Narrative Identity,Personality Traits,and Well‐Being Across Cultures

This study explored links between narrative identity, personality traits, and well‐being for 263 adolescents (age 12–21) from three New Zealand cultures: Māori, Chinese, and European. Turning‐point narratives were assessed for autobiographical reasoning (causal coherence), local thematic coherence, emotional expressivity, and topic. Across cultures, older adolescents with higher causal coherence reported better well‐being. Younger adolescents with higher causal coherence instead reported poorer well‐being. Personal development topics were positively linked to well‐being for New Zealand European adolescents only, and thematic coherence was positively linked to well‐being for Māori adolescents only. Negative expressivity, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and openness were also linked to well‐being. Implications of these cultural similarities and differences are considered for theories of narrative identity, personality, and adolescent well‐being.     

Practical Bibliotherapy Strategies for the Inclusive Elementary Classroom

This article was developed to assist the regular education elementary classroom teacher in utilizing practical bibliotherapy strategies for the inclusive classroom. Using quality children’s literature for bibliotherapy helps students to grow socio-emotionally by identifying with the main character in the story with a disability which leads to personal insight and growth. Teachers will learn how to use a checklist which was developed by the authors to select appropriate bibliotherapy literature and lead classroom discussions. A top ten list of books on bibliotherapy for the inclusive elementary classroom is provided.     

‘Knowing is not enough; we must apply’: reflections on a failed action learning application

This paper reflects upon a sub-optimal action learning application with a strategic business re-design project. The objective of the project was to improve the long-term business performance of a subsidiary business and build the strategic plan. Action learning was introduced to aid the group in expanding their view of the real problems confronting the business and simultaneously implement a learning method to improve the organization's leadership team's critical thinking as a whole. Ultimately, the goal was the creation of organizational learning as the project progressed through an integrative, systems problem-solving approach. The author uncovered that corporate culture was an insurmountable hurdle in reaching the optimal application of action learning. The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon the application of action learning and outline probable reasons for the failure in reaching the ultimate application of action learning.     

Integrating Social Justice Into Counseling Theories Pedagogy: A Case Example

As they explore counseling theories, students are encouraged to examine their own values, attitudes, and beliefs to find congruence with these theories. This traditional approach inadequately addresses the social injustices that may be perpetuated by selecting theories that further oppress clients and other marginalized communities. Prilleltensky (1997) introduced a social justice paradigm, emancipatory communitarianism, to address the limitations of existing theories on the basis of their underlying values. The authors discuss how incorporating emancipatory communitarianism and values discussions into counseling theories pedagogy can enhance critical thinking and self‐exploration among developing students. Implications for counseling pedagogy, practices, and research are discussed.     

仰泳和蝶泳运动员的速度训练

不是每个人都能成为短距离运动员,也不是每个人都想成为短距离运动员(至少就我的队来说)。提高短距离游速的关键是坚持不懈地练习,打好有氧能力基础,掌握合理的游泳技术(包括出发、转身技术),并且要不断提高力量水平。另外,短距离蝶泳     

Unionised faculty and the political left: Communism and the American Federation of Teachers on the eve of the Second World War

During the contentious late 1930s and early 1940s, American education and American labour struggled with both internal and external concerns over Communist infiltration. These struggles converged on the American Federation of Teachers (AFT), a union of 30,000 K–12 and college teachers. Through its focus on leftist politics and organised college faculty, this article contends that college faculty played critical roles in the debates over Communism within the union, that the end of the Popular Front fundamentally weakened the college locals and that the ultimate purge of Communist locals had devastating effects on faculty unionisation.     

In search of American progressives and teachers

Over half a century ago Lawrence Cremin set in motion a historical debate about educational progressivism, a movement, if it was one, that meant ‘different things to different people’ and roused passions for and against. Personified in many individual and institutional initiatives, it appeared to resonate with individual liberty, political democracy and social reform. Historians since, including Roy Lowe, have joined in the debate. Did it succeed and what were its effects? Perfecting or pernicious? Cohesive or divisive? Models for reforming pedagogy were found in Pestalozzi and Froebel, but translating ideals into practice was the challenge. Laboratory and model schools lent weight to advocacy of reform, but were often private or privileged in their constitution. Dewey and his daughter in Schools of Tomorrow publicised a selection of these. Against this backdrop, historians have subsequently sought to explain why traditional pedagogic practices remained so powerful. Cuban drew on a wide-ranging set of primary sources to reconstruct classroom practices and explore the conservative practice of the public schools. Exceptions can be explained by a confluence of factors, local demographic, school and district leadership, paradoxical exercise of authority and control in the implementation of progressive practice.