美国舆论战在现代局部战争中的特点及策略

20世纪90年代以来，以美国为首的北约先后打响了海湾战争、科索沃战争、阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争四场现代局部战争。在这四场战争中，舆论战作为信息化战争时期的一种作战模式，与军事战紧密配合舆论战，主要以敌方意识形态为目标，通过各种媒介或渠道，运用意识渗透、政治进攻、舆论诱导等策略鼓舞士气，凝聚民心，分化瓦解敌对势力，争取国际社会支持，令其发生有利于己而不利于敌的变化，从而达到“不战而屈人之兵”的目的。它是达成国家战略目的不可或缺的重要手段之一。     

Analysis of Statistical Question Classification for Fact-Based Questions

Question classification systems play an important role in question answering systems and can be used in a wide range of other domains. The goal of question classification is to accurately assign labels to questions based on expected answer type. Most approaches in the past have relied on matching questions against hand-crafted rules. However, rules require laborious effort to create and often suffer from being too specific. Statistical question classification methods overcome these issues by employing machine learning techniques. We empirically show that a statistical approach is robust and achieves good performance on three diverse data sets with little or no hand tuning. Furthermore, we examine the role different syntactic and semantic features have on performance. We find that semantic features tend to increase performance more than purely syntactic features. Finally, we analyze common causes of misclassification error and provide insight into ways they may be overcome.     

关于具有两个二次代数曲线解的三次系统的极限环

本文介绍近年来在这方面研究的进展情况,同时给出一些新的结果,并提出一些尚未解决的问题。     

数字档案长期保存技术策略规划研究

数字档案长期保存是信息化背景下档案部门的长期艰巨使命,涉及技术、管理等诸多领域,是一个庞大的系统工程.针对已识别或潜在的各种风险,档案部门在制定技术策略时将会面临技术复杂性和系统性难题,需要在宏观上进行科学规划.论文对数字档案长期保存技术策略规划的要求、内容、管理三个方面进行研究,以期对档案部门实践有所帮助.     

Glocalization and Other Challenges to Cataloging Chinese Continuing Resources

ABSTRACT

Glocalization describes the adaptation of international products around the particularities of a local culture, and extends to areas beyond political campaigns and cultural communication. Chinese continuing resources are effectively influenced by glocalization, which reflects the changing society in China and Chinese overseas communities, as well as the changing practice in Chinese studies all over the world. Glocalization brings unexpected challenges to a library's cataloging service, and a number of issues need to reach our awareness and be solved. We have to face squarely its influence, and look for an appropriate solution in handling Chinese continuing resources under glocalization.     

Not All Perceptual Gaps Were Created Equal: Explicating the Third-Person Perception (TPP) as a Cognitive Fallacy

Explicating the third-person perception (TPP) as a cognitive fallacy in the process of comparative social judgment of media effects, we propose that not all self–other perceptual gaps in media effects should be considered as TPP. When there is reasonably valid and accurate information regarding self vis-à-vis others on media consumption and vulnerability to media influence, the associated self–other gaps in media effects are not exaggerations, hence, not TPP. TPP results from cognitive biases in information retrieval and application in the process of comparative social judgments. Such biases are in the forms of self-other information differential, assimilation, contrast, and anchoring effects. Caveats in interpretation of extant evidence and implications for future TPP research are discussed.     

Sustainability of independent community archives in China: a case study

There are three models for community archives in China. The first one is where community archives are kept in government-funded/government-established museums or archives. The second is where community archives are kept by scholarly organizations such as universities. The third involves the community establishing its own archive. This last model is very unusual in China. The PiCun Culture and Art Museum of Migrant Labor (PCMML) provides an example of this model as it is the only independent community archives focusing on migrant workers in China. This paper explores the emergence and development of PCMML, its impact on community members and challenges faced including funding and staffing, but also those unique to China—PCMML is greatly influenced by a range of national and local government policies and regulations. Conclusions are that survival strategies for independent community archives in China are dependent on three dimensions: the community itself, society and the government. Cultural consciousness of the community is the premise for the establishment and sustainability of independent community archives, and independent community archives can be the public space to cultivate cultural consciousness of community members and thus activates community members’ agency to document, preserve and disseminate their own history. At the same time, independent community archives also need to engage with broader society to avoid involution and gain support and understanding. Independent community archives are constrained by government policies and regulations, so it is essential for them to develop strategic relationships with government.     

The Suasory Force of Sticky Messages: An Application to the Application of Sunscreen

Stickiness refers to the set of persuasive message properties: simple, unexpected, concrete, credible, emotional, and stories (SUCCES). Heath and Heath (2007) argue that a sticky message is expected to be more memorable and hence more persuasive than a non-sticky message. A 2 (sticky v. non-sticky message) x 3 (pretest v. posttest v. delayed test) longitudinal experiment is employed to examine the persuasiveness of sticky messages on applying sunscreen. Results of a mixed model analysis of variance show that the sticky message produces attitudes and behaviors more favorable to the message recommendation than the non-sticky message. Specifically, a time × message induction non-additive effect was found, which sustained only in the sticky message condition across time. Despite this interesting effect, its explanation remains elusive.     

An Investigation of Textbook Vetting and Evaluation Process in Tanzania

Textbook vetting and evaluation process intends to ensure that the materials provided are relevant, of the required quality, suitable ad would enhance learning efficiency and effectiveness. The paper investigates the role of publishers and Tanzania Institute of Education (TIE) in the textbooks vetting and evaluation process; examines factors used to vet, evaluate and approve primary and secondary school textbooks in Tanzania and proposes Strategies that would enhance the textbook vetting, evaluation and process. The study used a mixed method research design. Respondents were selected educational publishers; MoEVT, Baraza la Kiswahili Tanzania, TIE, and Publishers Association of Tanzania. Questionnaire and semi- structured interview were used to collect data which were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Major findings of the study were; textbooks vetting and evaluation process is not professionally conducted although standard criteria have been established; there is not well established roles among key players involved in the vetting and evaluation process leading to conflict of interest between TIE and the publishers. The study recommends establishing an independent professional evaluation board and a well-defined timetable and effective communication among various players; enacting a book policy and adopting a limited multiple-textbook publishing system.