流动家庭学前儿童早期阅读教育存在的问题及对策——以上海松江区为例

早期阅读教育是幼儿语言教育的重要组成部分。流动家庭学前儿童早期阅读教育无论在理论层面还是实践层面受关注的程度远远不够。流动家庭学前儿童早期阅读教育存在意识淡薄,目标单一,内容狭窄,方式简单、机械,环境不容乐观等问题。流动家庭学前儿童的早期阅读教育可以通过提高家长对早期阅读教育的认识以及引导孩子合理收看电视节目、建立流动图书馆等策略加以改善。     

中国早期电影《新女性》与民国上海的女性话语建构

《新女性》这部影片于1935年春节之际上映,其女主角的原型是自杀的"作家明星"艾霞,而扮演女主角的阮玲玉又在影片上映后不久像影片里那样服安眠药自杀。这部影片台前幕后的种种故事、讨论和纠纷在民国时期的上海形成了一个轰动性的事件。通过比较分析艾霞的生平、电影剧本和报刊评论,我们可以看出各种媒体在此共同参与了一场"新女性"的讨论和建构,从中演绎出那个时代的妇女问题、性别想象和社会政治的变迁。     

论中国古琴艺术之“禁”的观念

中国古琴艺术中"禁"的观念作为历代琴论中的重要议题,受到了当代琴学、美学研究者的普遍关注却并未得到详细的阐释。而通过对琴禁观念进行释义和思想溯源,可知古琴之"禁"分别对琴音和琴人进行规定,它一方面受到了儒家尽善尽美的审美观和艺术功能论的影响,另一方面还源自道家"返其天真"和技与道关系问题的探讨。通过这样的辨析,可知琴禁观念具有一定的保守性,但却凸显了中国古琴艺术的精神文化内涵,具有重要的意义。     

论清政府与铜官山矿案交涉

发生在一个世纪以前的安徽铜官山矿案曹引起了多方关注,其中清政府更是采取了多种措施,以促使旷案的尽旱结束．在矿案的交涉中扮演了重要的角色。     

构建实践取向的教师研修模式

该研究以实践作为教师专业发展的核心价值趋向,通过大学与区域合作,探索有效促进教师专业发展的教师研修模式。文章概述了研究的理论思考、践行过程以及构建生成的新型的、多样化的教师研修模式。     

Teaching styles and conceptions of effective teachers: Tibetan and Han Chinese academics compared

The principal objective of this research is to ascertain if the “research–teaching dichotomy” as revealed in the relationship between conceptions of effective teachers and teaching styles among Han Chinese academics can be found among Tibetan academics. As a preliminary objective, this research examines the appropriateness of the Effective Teacher Inventory (Zhang, 2003) for evaluating Tibetan academics' conceptions of effective teachers and compares the conceptions of effective teachers between Tibetan and Han Chinese academics. The Thinking Styles in Teaching Inventory (Grigorenko & Sternberg, 1993) and the Effective Teacher Inventory (Zhang, 2003) were administered to 162 Tibetan academics. For the purpose of comparison, data from 93 Han Chinese academics in Zhang's (2009) study were integrated into the present research.The results warranted two conclusions. First, the Effective Teacher Inventory was appropriate for assessing Tibetan academics' conceptions of effective teachers; and there was no substantial difference in the conceptions of effective teachers between the two samples. Second, as it was among Han Chinese academics, the apparent “research–teaching dichotomy” was identified among Tibetan academics. Limitations and significance of this research are discussed and directions for future research are proposed.     

A teacher-report measure of children's task-avoidant behavior: A validation study of the Behavioral Strategy Rating Scale

This study aims to validate a teacher-report measure of children's task-avoidant behavior, namely the Behavioral Strategy Rating Scale (BSRS), in a sample of 352 Finnish children. In each of the four waves from Kindergarten to Grade 2, teachers rated children's task-avoidant behavior using the BSRS, children completed reading and mathematics tests, and trained testers rated children's task-avoidant and social-dependent behavior after the test situation. Mothers also rated children's task-avoidant behavior in the last two waves. The results showed that a two-factor model including one factor representing task avoidance and one method factor accounting for wording effects among the negatively phrased items fitted the data best. The scale demonstrated strict measurement invariance across all four waves and satisfactory convergent and discriminant validity. Teacher-reported task avoidance was negatively associated with performance in reading and mathematics. The results suggest that the BSRS is a reliable, valid, and developmentally suitable instrument.     

Distributed Cognition as a Lens to Understand the Effects of Scaffolds: The Role of Transfer of Responsibility

Problem solving is an important skill in the knowledge economy. Research indicates that the development of problem solving skills works better in the context of instructional approaches centered on real-world problems. But students need scaffolding to be successful in such instruction. In this paper I present a conceptual framework for understanding the effects of scaffolding. First, I discuss the ultimate goal of scaffolding—the transfer of responsibility—and one way that scholars have conceptualized promoting this outcome (fading). Next, I describe an alternative way to conceptualize transfer of responsibility through the lens of distributed cognition and discuss how this lens informs how to promote transfer of responsibility. Then I propose guidelines for the creation of problem solving scaffolds to support transfer of responsibility and discuss them in light of the literature.     

Theory to reality: a few issues in implementing problem-based learning

The success of an intervention depends not only upon its theoretical soundness, but also on proper implementation that reflects the guidelines derived from its theoretical conception. Debates surrounding the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) have focused on its theoretical conception and students’ learning outcomes, but implementation is seemingly absent from the picture. This paper attempts to describe what research evidence is needed to fill in this missing information and provide a clearer picture of PBL. The author examines current PBL implementation practices and identifies potentially confounding variables that may play a role in inconsistent or conflicting research results in PBL. For example, various models of PBL have been developed and implemented to afford the specific instructional needs of the institution or learner population. These PBL models are in fact quite different in terms of the nature of problem solving and the degrees of self-directed learning, which theoretically, should result in different types of learning outcomes. Without distinguishing the models used, the results of comparative PBL research could have been confounded. Furthermore, human factors are another set of confounding variables that could influence the students’ learning processes and consequently affect PBL implementations and research results. To remedy these problems and reach PBL’s full potential, as well as obtain a more accurate picture of PBL as an instructional method and its effects on students’ learning, some fundamental changes are needed.     

The Challenges Facing Early Childhood Care,Development and Education (ECCDE) in an Era of Universal Basic Education in Nigeria

Early childhood is a critical period of rapid physical, cognitive, and psycho-social development of a child. The quality of care and education which a child receives at this crucial age will determine to a great extent the level of his/her physical and cognitive development in the future. In Nigeria, Early Childhood Care, Development and Education (ECCDE) is an aspect of Universal Basic Education which was introduced in 1999 to increase the access of children to basic education and improve the state of education in the country. While all hands are on deck to ensure successful implementation and achievement of the objectives of the scheme, it is unfortunate that ECCDE is facing some challenges thus making it unrecognized in Nigeria. This paper examines the challenges of early childhood education in Nigeria. To improve the situation, the following measures are recommended: establishment of more public crèche, kindergarten, and nursery schools by the government; enforcement of the use of mother tongue in the teaching of children; training more personnel in the field of early childhood education in tertiary institutions; and introducing unified curriculum as well as providing more infrastructures.