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121.
122.
David Chiszar Terrence Carter Leslie Knight Lorna Simonsen Shannon Taylor 《Learning & behavior》1976,4(3):273-278
Garter snakes (Thamnophis radix), hognose snakes (Heterodon platyrhinos), and rattlesnakes (Crotalus species) flick their tongues and crawl about in an open field containing no food or sexual (i.e., reproductive) odors. As Experiment I shows, the taxa differ reliably in both rate of tongue flicking and rate of locomotion. In Experiment II, garter snakes (Thamnophis radix) placed into an open field for 5 min showed more tongue flicking than snakes that were handled and placed directly back into their home cages, indicating that the first group was exploring the apparatus rather than responding only to handling. During Minutes 3 through 5 (Experiment III) in the open field, garter snakes emitted fewer tongue flicks than they did during the first minute, and after 20 min, the rate of tongue flicking was virtually zero. However, snakes were capable of responding to presentation of new objects and/or odors, indicating that the previous response decrement was not derived from effector fatigue but rather from some habituatory process. Experiment IV revealed that satiated snakes habituated more rapidly than hungry snakes during exploration of the open field. Hence, exploratory behavior in these snakes is at least partially under the control of the same factors which mediate food-related appetitive activities. 相似文献
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124.
Three cases of whiplash shaking injury of infants are presented. All children presented with seizures and had minimal signs of external injury. Examination of the retina revealed extensive retinal hemorrhages. These were missed on initial examination and were only discovered after pupillary dilatation. The presence of these palecentered retinal hemorrhages suggested the diagnosis of child abuse and skeletal surveys and thorough social histories confirmed the diagnosis. Despite extensive retinal hemorrhages, computerized axial tomography (C.T.) scan showed minimal inter-hemispheric bleeding. In contrast to the "Battered Child Syndrome," all the findings in whiplash shaking syndrome of infants are subtle and demand an awareness, an index of suspicion and a thorough examination which may include extensive retinal examination following dilatation of the pupils. This latter examination is frequently not performed by family physicians and residents so that the syndrome may be missed. A fourth case is also discussed where shaking is admitted on initial presentation but said to be done for resuscitation. This poses an immense diagnostic dilemma to the pediatrician since in this case the child presented later with all the signs of physical abuse. 相似文献
125.
Sherri L. Martinie Jeong-Hee Kim Deborah Abernathy 《The Journal of educational research》2016,109(6):658-665
The Common Core State Standards (CCSS) are a focus of state education policy today influencing curriculum implementation and assessment in public schools. The purpose of this narrative inquiry is to understand how high school mathematics teachers experience the transition period. Based on interviews with mathematics teachers in a high school in the Midwest, we aim at bringing teachers' voices to the forefront. Through teachers' stories, we find that: a) Teachers live in the different zones of enactment; and b) Teachers' ecological view of agency should be used as a link to a transition to the CCSS for creating a genuine dialogue. This article is significant in two ways. First, it informs the administrators and policy makers of how there will be inconsistencies across states, districts, schools and classrooms in the implementation and assessment, and second, it helps to explain the need for new professional development approaches. 相似文献
126.
Wormstead Sherri J. Becker Mimi Larsen Congalton Russell G. 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2002,11(3):277-287
Student–teacher–scientist partnership (STSP) programs are cooperative relationships in which students, with the support of their teachers, participate in and contribute to the research of scientists. This paper examines one of the world's largest STSPs—an international environmental science education program called GLOBE (Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment)—and proposes recommendations to scientists about how they can get the most out of their research and teaching relationship with students and their teachers. GLOBE is an international K–12 STSP that engages students in Earth's Systems investigations. Extensive training is needed for students to collect and report accurate data to scientists, and special preparatory curricula are needed to make their partnership effective and motivating. Recognizing these issues, this research was conducted specifically to identify and recommend a set of training material design criteria for implementation of STSPs in the elementary and middle school levels. The conclusions—the result of background research, extensive interviews and consultation with teachers—provide guidance to GLOBE and other STSP programs to enhance the development of effective and engaging training materials. 相似文献
127.
Children’s friendships are often neglected by teachers and researchers. This phenomenological study conducted with seven children aged five and six years explores young children’s perceptions of their everyday friendship experiences. This multi-method study used role play interviews, drawings and persona doll scenarios to consider children’s everyday experiences of friendship in school. The paper discusses the importance of socio-cultural aspects of children’s friendship including: imaginary friends; losing friends; protecting time and space to develop friendships and children’s routines and practices as they form and maintain friendships. Data and findings are discussed, leading to an original conceptual framework: a ‘Pedagogy of Friendship’. This is designed to help children make meaning from their friendship experiences and also provide practitioners with the opportunity to nurture and scaffold children through their friendship experiences in schools. We suggest that there is a need to raise the profile of children’s friendships in early childhood education and generate an educational perspective on friendship. Finally we conclude that listening to children’s views of friendship indicates that the application of the framework of a ‘Pedagogy of Friendship’ would be beneficial to children’s all round learning and development. 相似文献
128.
The preliminary results are reported in a national study of police education. All state police agencies, all municipal agencies serving populations greater than 50,000, and all sheriff's departments with more than 100 sworn officers were surveyed to obtain data on the level of higher education in the departments, policies in support of college education, and the effect of higher education on policing. The survey was followed by indepth site visits to San Diego, San Jose, and Sacramento, California; Kansas City, Missouri; New York City; Tulsa, Oklahoma; and Largo, Florida. Significant findings showed that the average educational level of police officers has risen steadily over the past two decades; that only a small proportion of police departments formally require college for employment of promotion; that the great majority, however, have educational support policies and an “informal” criterion of college for selection and promotion or officers. The data also show that minorities are being recruited effectively and hired with educational levels competitive with those of whites; that women are being recruited effectively with mean educational levels nearly a year higher than those of males; and that employment of minorities in law enforcement in the study population is proportionately comparable to the proportions of minorities in the general population. 相似文献
129.
Madeline Miele Sigfred Taubert Kenneth Kister J.M. Brittain S.A. Roberts Harry Carter 《Communication Booknotes Quarterly》2013,44(3):25-27
Madeline Miele, et al. (eds.) The Bowker Annual of Library and Book Trade Information (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1976---$23.50) Sigfred Taubert (ed.) The Book Trade of the World, Volume II: The Americas, Australia, New Zealand (New York: R.R. Bowker/London: Andre Deutsch, 1976---$36.00) Kenneth Kister's Encyclopedia Buying Guide 1975- 1976: A Consumer Guide to General Encyclopedias in Print (New York: R.R. Bowker, 1976--$15.50) J.M. Brittain and S.A. Roberts's Inventory of Information Resources in the Social Sciences (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books/ Saxon House, 1976--$18.00) Harry Carter's A History of the Oxford University Press, Volume I, to 1780 (London: Ox ford University Press, 1976---£15.00 or about $30.00) Daniel Gore (ed.) Farewell to Alexandria: Solutions to Space, Growth, and Performance Problems of Libraries (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976---$12.50) Lester D. Stephens' Historiography: A Bibliography (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1975--$9.00) W. Philip Leidy's A Popular Guide to Government Publications (New York: Columbia University Press, 1976--$25.00) 相似文献
130.
David A. Carter Alison Alexander Stella Ting‐Toomey Gary T. Hunt Sue De Wine 《Journal of Applied Communication Research》2013,41(2):165-178
Ethics in Human Communication (2nd ed.). Edited by Richard L. Johannesen. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, 1983, pp. x + 244. $8.95. Ethics, Morality and the Media: Reflections on American Culture. Edited by Lee Thayer. New York: Hastings House, 1980, pp. xvi + 302. $21.50 (cloth) or $11.95 (paper). Ethical Perspectives and Critical Issues in Intercultural Communication. Edited by Nobleza C. Asuncion‐Landé. Falls Church, VA: Speech Communication Association, 1978, pp. x + 179. $7.00. Organization Development and Change (2nd ed.). By Edgar F. Huse. St. Paul: West Publishing, 1980, pp. xiv + 528. $22.50. Trends and Issues in OD: Current Theory and Practice. Edited by W. Warner Burke and Leonard D. Goodstein. San Diego: University Associates, 1980, pp. vii + 351. $18.50. Consultation. Edited by Thomas Backer and Edward Glaser. Los Angeles: Human Interaction Research Institute. Triannually. No charge. Group and Organization Studies. Edited by Marshall Sashkin. San Diego: University Associates. Quarterly. $28.00 (individuals) and $54.00 (institutions). Training and Development Journal. Edited by Patricia Galagen Hurley. Washington: American Society for Training and Development. Monthly. $40.00 (non‐members). 相似文献