中国科技评价研究热点述评

构建高效规范的科技评价体系是我国科技治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要标志.以中国知网数据库2017-2019年科技评价领域的期刊论文为对象,分析近年来的研究热点分布及演化特征、主要研究机构及合作关系.研究发现:我国科技评价领域的研究热点包括高质量科技成果评价、学科评估、绩效评价、多元化评价方法等,符合国家科技评价改革方向;领域宽泛但缺少统一的学术语言和共同的认知理念,给学术研究和评价实践带来挑战;对评价方法的探索已成为主要研究方向,定量分析、大数据分析以及针对"分类评价""破四唯"等改革导向的分析已成趋势;研究机构以高校为主,学术研究与实践工作存在一定脱节.对未来我国科技评价体系的改革提出四点建议,包括坚持政策引导、建立行业共识、加强方法探索、促进研用结合等.     

大数据驱动的高校科技管理决策研究

通过分析科技管理中的大数据特征,研究大数据对科技管理决策的作用机理.在此基础上,分析大数据驱动高校科技管理决策的要素、关键环节和特点,研究大数据驱动的科技管理决策模型结构,提出大数据驱动科技管理决策是解决高校科技管理高效精准决策的有效办法,最终给出推动大数据驱动高校科技管理决策的建议.     

Convergent genomic signatures of high-altitude adaptation among domestic mammals

Abundant and diverse domestic mammals living on the Tibetan Plateau provide useful materials for investigating adaptive evolution and genetic convergence. Here, we used 327 genomes from horses, sheep, goats, cattle, pigs and dogs living at both high and low altitudes, including 73 genomes generated for this study, to disentangle the genetic mechanisms underlying local adaptation of domestic mammals. Although molecular convergence is comparatively rare at the DNA sequence level, we found convergent signature of positive selection at the gene level, particularly the EPAS1 gene in these Tibetan domestic mammals. We also reported a potential function in response to hypoxia for the gene C10orf67, which underwent positive selection in three of the domestic mammals. Our data provide an insight into adaptive evolution of high-altitude domestic mammals, and should facilitate the search for additional novel genes involved in the hypoxia response pathway.     

Understanding divergent domestication traits from the whole-genome sequencing of swamp- and river-buffalo populations

Domesticated buffaloes have been integral to rice-paddy agro-ecosystems for millennia, yet relatively little is known about the buffalo genomics. Here, we sequenced and assembled reference genomes for both swamp and river buffaloes and we re-sequenced 230 individuals (132 swamp buffaloes and 98 river buffaloes) sampled from across Asia and Europe. Beyond the many actionable insights that our study revealed about the domestication, basic physiology and breeding of buffalo, we made the striking discovery that the divergent domestication traits between swamp and river buffaloes can be explained with recent selections of genes on social behavior, digestion metabolism, strengths and milk production.     

Gabor传递函数相似性测度图像质量评价算法

数字图像在压缩和融合等处理中会产生退化效应,当前对图像退化中质量评价指标如均方误差(MSE),峰值信噪比(PSNR)等不能有效反映图像在退化过程中传递性能,而只是单纯计算图像之间灰度值差异,对图像质量评价不准。提出一种利用Gabor传递函数相似性测度为评价指标的图像质量评价算法,采用图像的亮度、对比度和结构相似度为场景结构基准特征,设计Gabor传递函数。通过双正交滤波器得到Gabor传递函数相似性测度,该指标能有效反映图像退化演变过程中的传递性能,合理评价参考图像和失真图像质量。仿真实验表明,利用Gabor传递函数相似性测度指标评价图像质量,能准确反映图像失真等级,在几乎所有失真类型上都能有较满意的结果,评价结果比较稳定。     

Leveraging social grouping for trust building in foreign electronic commerce firms: An exploratory study

Internet development has fueled e-commerce firms’ globalization efforts, but many have met with only limited success. This often stems from the foreign firms’ limited understanding of a focal country's local culture and idiosyncrasies. Foreign firms are usually viewed as out-group entities, which lowers consumers’ trust in them. The extent of such a phenomenon varies. In locations where people are more skeptical of out-groups, a critical question is whether it is possible to transform such foreign out-group firms into in-groups, specifically with the support of popular social networking media. Based on Social Identity Theory and Trust Transference Process, five strategies leveraging social grouping and social ties to build trust for foreign electronic commerce firms were proposed. A survey was conducted to examine their effectiveness. The results suggest that social-grouping strategies are useful for in-grouping foreign out-group entities to build trust, and the effectiveness of strategies is determined by the social similarity and psychological distance between the consumer and the endorser. This has important implications for scholars and practitioners, both local and abroad, to leverage social grouping to boost Internet sales.     

基于过程分析的科技成果转化激励机制研究

科技成果转化问题,是影响一个国家和地区科技发展的关键因素。提高科技成果转化效率,越来越成为创新型城市建设中亟待解决的问题。而在科技成果转化的过程中,不同的激励因素发挥作用的程度不同,本文将科技成果转化过程分成3个阶段,根据不同阶段的社会经济活动特点、风险性种类及大小、所需资源情况,针对性地制定出不同阶段的具体激励机制,因而对科技成果转化的激励机制研究具有理论与实际的指导意义。     

埃及女王与中国女皇主要家庭成员比较研究——哈特谢普苏特与武则天

第十八王朝国王哈特谢普苏特,是古埃及历史上第一位女法老[1];武周王朝皇帝武则天,则是中国历史上唯一一位女皇帝。她们的生平经历有着惊人的相似,不仅如此,就连她们的公公、丈夫、儿女等主要家庭成员都似乎因为与她们命运相系而有着极为相似的生平经历,本文将探寻其中的相似性并加以比较。     

Fuzzy sliding mode control design for a class of disturbed systems

This paper discusses the problem of the fuzzy sliding mode control for a class of disturbed systems. First, a fuzzy auxiliary controller is constructed based on a feedback signal not only to estimate the unknown control term, but also participates in the sliding mode control due to the fuzzy rule employed. Then, we extend our theory into the cases, where some kind of system information can not be obtained, for better use of our theoretical results in real engineering. Finally, some typical numerical examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the designed sliding mode controller.     

"双诱式"数学解题教学模式探析

“双诱式”数学解题教学模式,克服了传统的填鸭式教学,变教为诱,变学为思,以诱达思,促使学生主动探究、解决问题,从而使分析、解决问题能力得到提高。