Oral conjugated linoleic acid supplementation enhanced glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle

Present study examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. Twelve male participants completed a cross-over trial with CLA (3.8 g/day for 8 week) or placebo supplements by separation of 8 weeks. CLA is a mixture of trans-10 cis-12 and cis-9 trans-11 isomers (50:50). On experiment day, all participants performed 60-min cycling exercise at 75% VO₂ max, then consumed a carbohydrate meal immediately after exercise and recovered for 3 h. Biopsied muscle samples from vastus lateralis were obtained immediately (0 h) and 3 h following exercise. Simultaneously, blood and gaseous samples were collected for every 30 min during 3-h recovery. Results showed significantly increased muscle glycogen content with CLA after a single bout of exercise (P < 0.05). Muscle glucose transporter type 4 expression was significantly elevated immediately after exercise, and this elevation was continued until 3 h after exercise in CLA trial. However, P-Akt/Akt ratio was not significantly altered, while glucose tolerance was impaired with CLA. Gaseous exchange data showed no beneficial effect of CLA on fat oxidation, instead lower non-esterified fatty acid and glycerol levels were found at 0 h. Our findings conclude that CLA supplementation can enhance the glycogen resynthesis rate in exercised human skeletal muscle.     

我国主要禾本科植物幼苗发育基本类型与系统分类

本文在观察了代表22个族76个属的203种禾本科植物幼苗的发育过程和 各种性状的基础上，探讨了重要性状的形成与分布区、生境条件的关系及重要性 状之间的相关性。  根据胚轴和根系发育的不同形式，将禾本科幼苗划分为三大 型：竹型、狐茅型和黍型。根据苗叶和不定根的特点，又把这些大型分为七个 亚型：真竹亚型、稻亚型、芦竹亚型、针茅亚型、狐茅亚型、画眉草亚型和真黍亚 型。  经过与胚体和植株各方面数据的互相印证，证明与幼苗形态的七个亚型相 对应，在系统分类上是七个亚科：竹亚科、稻亚科、芦竹亚科、针茅亚科、狐茅亚科、画眉草亚科和黍亚科。     

披碱草属6种植物的核型研究

本文首次报道特产于我国青藏高原披碱草属Elymus的6种植物的染色体数目和核型。6个种的染色体数目为2n＝42，都是6倍体。它们的核型是：黑药鹅观草，2n=6x＝42=32m+10sm;糙毛鹅观草，2n=6x=42=34m+8sm；大颖鹅观草，2n=6x=42=30m+12sm；疏花鹅观，2n=6x=42=32m+10sm；青海鹅观草，2n=6x= 42＝34m十8sm；长颖鹅观草，2n=6x＝42=34m十8sm。它们的核型属1B或2B型，染色体中均未发现随体。     

单镜头无人机倾斜摄影测量在雄安昝岗片区再生水厂工程中的应用

无人机和三维建模技术的发展,促进了无人机摄影测量技术在市政、建筑工程方面的应用.分析无人机摄影测量关键技术点;针对市政、建筑工程面积小,精度要求高的特点,研究单镜头无人机倾斜摄影测量方案关键技术点;采用单镜头无人机倾斜摄影测量完成雄安昝岗片区再生水厂工程基坑三维建模,并用于BIM模型,实现工程提质增效.     

基于供应链网络的供应链风险管理研究

阐明了供应链风险管理的重要性,通过建立一个从原材料供应商直到最终用户的多层次的供应链网络模型结构,经过风险识别及风险评估过程,定义了供应链风险指数。并利用数学方法对供应链风险问题进行定量分析,指出了未来研究的展望。     

Effects of short-term detraining on measures of obesity and glucose tolerance in elite athletes

Athletes frequently adjust their training volume in line with their athletic competition schedule, onset of sport injury, and retirement. Whether maintenance of partial training activity during the detraining period can preserve optimal body composition and insulin sensitivity is currently unknown. Sixteen elite kayak athletes (mean VO2max: 58.5 ml.kg(-1).min(-1), s = 1.77) were randomly assigned to a totally detrained group (age: 20.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.74, s = 0.54) or partially detrained group (age: 21.8 years, s = 0.7; body mass index: 23.20, s = 1.02), whereby totally detrained participants terminated their training routine completely and the partially detrained participants preserved approximately 50% of their previous training duration with equivalent intensity for one month. Body mass, waist circumference, oral glucose tolerance test, insulin, leptin, cortisol, and testosterone were measured during the trained state and after detraining. Waist circumferences for both the partially detrained and totally detrained groups were significantly elevated after detraining, with no group difference. However, body mass was reduced in both groups. Significant elevations in the area under the curve for insulin and fasted leptin with detraining were observed. These changes were greater in the totally detrained participants. In conclusion, the present results show that maintaining partial training activity cannot prevent an increase in waist circumference. During the detraining period, the magnitude of increase in plasma insulin and leptin concentrations was regulated in an activity-dependent manner.     

Beyond Cross-Language Transfer: Reconceptualizing the Impact of Early Bilingualism on Phonological Awareness

This study investigates effects of early bilingualism on phonological awareness that are abstract and beyond cross-language transfer. It extends the scope of previous research by systematically examining hypotheses derived from structural sensitivity theory. The theory postulates that having access to two languages renders structural similarities and differences between languages more salient, thus allowing bilingual children to form representations of language structure at a more abstract level. About 200 bilingual and monolingual kindergartners, first-graders, and second-graders in Taiwan participated in experiments taking into account the syllable structures, the phoneme inventories, and the phonotactics of the bilinguals' two languages. Findings from the study provide empirical support for structural sensitivity theory and indicate the need to reconceptualize the bilingual effect on metalinguistic development beyond cross-language transfer.     

Supporting scientific modeling practices in atmospheric sciences: intended and actual affordances of a computer-based modeling tool

Computer-based learning tools include design features to enhance learning but learners may not always perceive the existence of these features and use them in desirable ways. There might be a gap between what the tool features are designed to offer (intended affordance) and what they are actually used (actual affordance). This study thus aims at investigating how the design features of a computer-based tool supported high school students' modeling practices in atmospheric sciences. Twenty-three 10th graders participated in 16 hours of learning activities by using the tool. We conducted a detailed analysis of students' computer activities, their use of the design features, and their building, testing, analyzing, and evaluating practices. The analysis showed that while some design features such as Variable List and Testing Variables were perceived by students and successfully afforded their enactment of building and analyzing practices, other features including Screen Shot and Edit were rarely used or not utilized in the desirable ways. Based on the findings, this study suggests that the realization of intended affordances may involve factors of learners' characteristics, the nature of learning activities, and the complexity of tasks, and constructs an affordance analysis scheme to inform the design of computer-based learning tools.     

Applying tangible story avatars to enhance children's collaborative storytelling

Software avatars are increasingly applied to support children's collaborative storytelling because avatars may serve as a transparent shield or as embodied agents to facilitate creativity in children. However, when using avatars, it is not easy for children to practise and refine their speaking skills by narrating their stories to an audience. The programming difficulties involved in that process tend to distract attention away from the collaborative storytelling activity itself. This study therefore proposes an interaction model featuring tangible story avatars (TSAs) that can serve as a platform to scaffold collaborative story creation, revision and narrative. A 9‐week study with 16 children aged 8 years was conducted to evaluate the interaction model with the TSAs. The results suggest that the TSAs may play three primary roles in facilitating collaborative storytelling: as a tool for developing confidence, as a tool for reflective story development and as a group artefact. Researchers and educators may find it valuable to consider these three roles in designing the TSAs in support of collaborative storytelling in similar contexts.