Consumer styles and media uses of generation Xers in Taiwan

This study examines Taiwanese consumer orientations in relation to media exposure, and seeks to determine how relevant the concept of a ‘Generation X’ is in the case of Taiwan. A causal structural model was proposed and tested with a view to examining the impact of generation and other demographic variables. Results indicate significant differences between generations. In general, the Xers showed greater concerns for fashion and self‐expression, and were greater users of electronic media. The paper considers these generation differences against the backdrop of the disparity between traditional Confucian values and Western consumer culture.     

无线网络下的动态分块校验机制（英文）

由于无线链路易受到外界干扰,导致数据传输的误码率较高,从而使得数据包成功传输概率降低。而误码所造成的丢包会使无线链路上的TCP传输自动降速,从而对正常的TCP数据传输造成较大影响。针对上述问题,本文在802.11协议的MAC层提出了一种新的校验机制,采用动态分块校验的方法对数据包进行验证,并采用新的方法来计算重传次数。实验表明,本校验机制可以有效提高数据包成功传输概率,进而改善了无线链路上的TCP传输性能,同时保证了多个数据流传输的公平性和数据的正确性。     

When a Culture Takes a Trip: Evidence of Heritage and Enculturation in Early Conceptions of Art

This study in social cognition has been focused on exploration of ways in which cultural contexts shape formation of knowledge about art in early childhood years. Focusing of the connotative rather than denotative meanings of the term art, this study was designed to examine how this concept functions in a variety of cultural contexts. The method of structured interviews was used to elicit answers of four- and five-year-old children in Canada, France, and Taiwan to questions regarding the nature of art and its salient characteristics. In particular, this study addressed questions about portability of culture and the effects of heritage and enculturation in the formation of social knowledge among individuals whose cultural identity is negotiated in the context of a ‘transplanted’ culture. Responses of francophone children in the Canadian province of Quebec were contrasted with those of their French counterparts, as well as their Canadian peers from European ancestry other than French living in the province of British Columbia. Similarly, responses of interviewees in Taiwan, ROC were compared to the reported beliefs about art of young Chinese-Canadians. The results of this study bring support to the theory of modified cultural pluralism that emphasizes the interplay between the original cultural beliefs and values and those prevalent in the societies that become new home for a transplanted culture. Implications of the study findings to art education are discussed. Research reported in this paper has been supported by a grant from the Social Studies and Humanities Research Council of Canada and the France-Canada Accord.     

The effects of forearm fatigue on baseball fastball pitching,with implications about elbow injury

This study investigated the contribution of flexor muscles to the forearm through fatigue; therefore, the differences in forearm mechanisms on the pitching motion in fastball were analysed. Fifteen baseball pitchers were included in this study. Ultrasonographical examination of participants’ ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel with the elbow extended and at 45°, 90° and 120° of flexion was carried. A three-dimensional motion analysis system with 14 reflective markers attached on participants was used for motion data collection. The electromyography system was applied over the flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis muscles of the dominant arm. Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle activity showed a significant difference during the acceleration phase, with a peak value during fastball post-fatigue (P = 0.02). Significant differences in the distance between ulnar nerve and medial condyle on throwing arm and non-throwing arm were observed as the distance increased with the elbow movement from 0° to 120° of flexion (P = 0.01). The significant increase of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle activity might be responsible for maintaining the stability of the wrist joint. The increased diameter might compress the ulnar nerve and cause several pathological changes. Therefore, fatigue in baseball pitchers still poses a threat to the ulnar nerve because the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis all originate from the medial side of the elbow, and the swelling tendons after fatigue might be a key point.     

A kinect-based motion-sensing game therapy to foster the learning of children with sensory integration dysfunction

Sensory integration dysfunction (SID, also known as sensory processing disorder, SPD) is a condition that exists when a person’s multisensory integration fails to process and respond adequately to the demands of the environment. Children with SID (CwSID) are also learners with disabilities with regard to responding adequately to the demands made by a learning environment, and usually have performance difficulties in one or more areas of life, such as productivity, leisure and play, or activities of daily living, and this can reduce their learning motivation. This study tries to develop a motion-sensing digital game-based SID therapy to help such children become more engaged in physical training, with the hope that by improving their bodily-kinesthetic intelligence these children can be more confident of facing various learning challenges, like those associated with social participation. This research applied the Microsoft Kinect system and a specially designed motion-sensing game related to SID, and used interviews to collect responses from the children and their parents. The Chinese version of the sensory profile and clinical observation were applied to evaluate the effects of the therapy, and the triangulation method applied in the data analysis reveals the improvements of all participants in eight clinical observation items. The results imply that our approach was able to increase the learning motivation and actions of the CwSID who participated in this study, with better results than those obtained in our earlier work, which used the Nintendo Wii device and its commercially available games.     

元代河北书院述论（下）

由于理学北传以及元朝政府对书院扶持政策等各种因素的促动,元代河北书院处于上升状态,不仅数量骤增,而且涌现了以封龙书院为代表的一些著名书院。此期河北书院不仅传播理学及经史道德,而且也实施科技教育,培养专门人才,由此体现了其与南方书院以程朱理学及科举考试为中心的别样特色。     

从《德意志意识形态》看人的发展

人是社会的根本,人的发展制约着社会的发展。个人的发展问题则是既关乎人又关乎社会的,马克思和恩格斯一直致力于人类社会的发展,他们的著作中也很重视个人的发展,透过《德意志意识形态》这篇文章可看出人的发展的相关理论。     

不同灌溉模式对小麦产量及生育性状的影响

研究了5种不同灌溉模式对小麦产量及生育性状的影响。结果表明,在安阳市的生态条件下,如果从高产的角度考虑,5种灌溉模式中,以处理⑤模式即底墒水+越冬水+春1水较为适宜。但在底墒水充足,冬前墒情较好的情况下,也可采用处理④的模式即底墒水+春2水模式。如果水资源短缺,灌水成本较高,则为了达到节水灌溉和提高水分利用率的目的,可以采用处理③的灌溉模式即底墒水+春1水模式。这种模式尤其适用于安阳市西部丘陵区。