Introduction to the Special Issue: Global Perspectives on Vocational Guidance

This thematic issue of the International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance includes a selection of papers presented at an IAEVG-NCDA Symposium, entitled “International Perspectives on Career Development”. The articles in this special issue deal with a number of topics related to international developments and perspectives, the impact of globalisation on guidance practice and research, and comparative approaches to educational and vocational guidance that differentiate career development practices in different countries. The outcome of the general discussion that centred around these specific themes at the International Symposium were jointly published in a special issue of the Career Development Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1.

---

Zusammenfassung. Einleitung zur Sonderausgabe: Weltweite Perspektiven der Berufsberatung Diese thematische Ausgabe des Internationalen Journals für Bildungs- und Berufsberatung enthält eine Auswahl von Vorträgen, die auf einem AIOSP-NCDA-Symposium mit dem Titel “Internationale Perspektiven der Berufslaufbahnentwicklung” gehalten wurden. Die Artikel dieser Sonderausgabe repräsentieren eine Anzahl von Themen, die internationale Entwicklungen und Perspektiven, die Auswirkungen der Globalisierung auf Praxis und Forschung zur Beruflichen Beratung sowie vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Bildungs- und Berufsberatung betreffen, die Beratungsansätze in verschiedenen Ländern voneinander differenzieren. Die Ergebnisse der allgemeinen Diskussion auf dem internationalen Symposium rund um diese Themen wurden bereits in einer gemeinschaftlich herausgegebenen Sonderausgabe des Career Development Quarterly, Jahrgang 54, Nr. 1, veröffentlicht.

---

Resumen. Introducción al Número Especial: Perspectivas Globales de la Orientación Profesional Este número temático de la Revista Internacional de Orientación Educativa y Profesional incluye una selección de comunicaciones presentadas en un Simposio Internacional de la AIOEP-NCDA (Asociación Nacional del Desarrollo de la Carrera), denominado Perspectivas Internacionales sobre el Desarrollo de la Carrera. Los artículos de este número especial abordan una serie de temas relacionados con diversas perspectivas y avances en el ámbito internacional, el impacto de la globalización sobre la investigación y la práctica de la orientación, y análisis comparativos de la orientación educativa y profesional que permiten diferenciar prácticas de desarrollo de la carrera en distintos países. Los resultados y conclusiones de la discusión general que se generó en torno a estos temas en el Simposio Internacional se publicaron conjuntamente en un número especial del Career Development Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1.

---

Résumé. Introduction au Numéro Spécial: Perspectives mondiales sur l’orientation professionnelle Ce numéro thématique de l’International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidancecomprend une sélection d’articles présentés à un Symposium de l’AIOSP-NCDA, intitulé Perspectives Internationales sur le Développement de la Vie de Travail. Les articles de ce numéro spécial concernent un ensemble de thèmes liés à des évolutions et des perspectives internationales, à l’impact de la mondialisation sur la pratique et la recherche en orientation ainsi qu’à des approches de l’orientation scolaire et professionnelle qui différencient les pratiques en développement de la vie de travail dans différents pays. Les conclusions de la discussion générale qui était centrée sur ces thèmes spécifiques au Symposium International ont été publiés conjointement dans un numéro spécial du Career Development Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 1.

     

Emerging trends in carrer counselling

This paper examines the emerging trends in counselling, particularly career counselling, in relation to education, career and employment. It deals with the counselling issues associated with each of these emphases and with the comprehensive populations for whom education, career, and employment content may be different but important in various settings: schools, universities, business and industry, community. Particularly important are the counselling emphases associated with unemployment, underemployment, career and job change, and persons with disabilities. Major attention is given to emerging perspectives on the relationship of career counselling to mental health, stress and anger management, and behavioural health.     

Relationship between social capital and lifestyle among older adults

ABSTRACT

Objective: This study was designed with the purpose of determining the relationship between social capital and lifestyle and their sub-variables among older adults.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using interviews that was conducted in 2017. This study was performed with randomly selected older people over 60 years of age in an urban area of Iran. Data were collected using a questionnaire in 3-month duration. The relationship between the study variables (lifestyle and social capital) was assessed through correlation analysis (in the case of non control of the underlying variables) and general linear modeling (in the case of control of the underlying variables). Data were analyzed using SPSS v.24 software at a 0.05 significant level.

Results: A total of 512 questionnaires were filed out. According to the Pearson correlation test, all social capital variables were associated with lifestyle components. However, in the general linear model test, feeling of trust and safety (p < 0.001), value of life (p = 0.030), and social participation (p = 0.004) had a significant relationship with the lifestyle.

Conclusions: The results indicated that social capital and lifestyle in the older adults were interconnected. Therefore, there is a need to improve social capital factors, especially social participation, feeling of trust and safety, and value of life, which is in-line with the strategies of achieving healthy older population. The results can be used to learn how to increase lifestyle in older adults.     

The attainment of White and ethnic minority students in distance education

At UK institutions of higher education, the academic attainment of White students tends to be higher than that of students from other ethnic groups. The present study confirmed this trend in students who were taking courses by distance learning with the UK’s Open University. It was apparent in students of all ages apart from the youngest, and it was largely independent of their gender, academic background and socioeconomic circumstances, or the particular course being taken. Students’ interactions with teachers and other students are attenuated in distance education, and so the results suggest that the explanation for the attainment gap in ethnic minority students must be sought elsewhere than in the nature of their relationships with teachers and other students.     

King PARS,Academic Nebuchadnezzer

The Modern American College: Responding to the New Realities of Diverse Students and a Changing Society By Arthur W. Chickering and Associates San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, xvii + 783 pages, $27.95 Reviewed by James L. Bess

Teaching Values in College Richard L. Morrill San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers, 1980, 169 pages, index, $13.95 Reviewed by Frederick Stirton Weaver