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Mara Simon 《Quest (Human Kinetics)》2020,72(2):167-184
ABSTRACTThe physical education teacher education (PETE) pipeline makes it clear to historically racially minoritized pre-service teachers the value of White norms and experiences while simultaneously “othering” their cultural knowledge. Using Critical Race Theory, Critical Whiteness Studies, and emotionality as theoretical frameworks, this visual narrative inquiry explored self-identified Black and Latinx pre-service physical education teachers’ (n = 10) stories of a racialized identity within predominantly White PETE programs as well as the emotionality of whiteness for myself as a White researcher and teacher educator. I utilized narrative-based semi-structured and conversational interviews, along with photo-elicitation, as methods of data collection. The results contrast participants’ experiences of normalized racism with my heightened emotions of shock and dismay, shedding light on my own white emotionality toward racism. The critical examination of the emotions of whiteness demonstrated the potential to lead PETE faculty toward deeper reflection as to how whiteness is upheld, but also how they might further work to de-center whiteness within their pedagogies, curricula, and programs. 相似文献
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Simon P. Roberts Keith A. Stokes Grant Trewartha Patrick Hogben Jenny Doyle Dylan Thompson 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(12):1253-1262
Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of ingesting carbohydrate alone or carbohydrate with protein on functional and metabolic markers of recovery from a rugby union-specific shuttle running protocol. On three occasions, at least one week apart in a counterbalanced order, nine experienced male rugby union forwards ingested placebo, carbohydrate (1.2 g · kg body mass?1 · h?1) or carbohydrate with protein (0.4 g · kg body mass?1 · h?1) before, during, and after a rugby union-specific protocol. Markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase: before, 258 ± 171 U · L?1 vs. 24 h after, 574 ± 285 U · L?1; myoglobin: pre, 50 ± 18 vs. immediately after, 210 ± 84 nmol · L?1; P < 0.05) and muscle soreness (1, 2, and 3 [maximum soreness = 8] for before, immediately after, and 24 h after exercise, respectively) increased. Leg strength and repeated 6-s cycle sprint mean power were slightly reduced after exercise (93% and 95% of pre-exercise values, respectively; P < 0.05), but were almost fully recovered after 24 h (97% and 99% of pre-exercise values, respectively). There were no differences between trials for any measure. These results indicate that in experienced rugby players, the small degree of muscle damage and reduction in function induced by the exercise protocol were not attenuated by the ingestion of carbohydrate and protein. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Elite soccer clubs across Europe spend ever-increasing sums of money on transfers and salaries for world-class players. Consequently, clubs’ talent identification and development processes for junior players have become more professionalised. Based on a holistic ecological approach, this study presents an analysis of talent identification practices across some of the most productive soccer academies in Europe (N = 11). Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 11 heads of academy recruitment from clubs in the “big five” European leagues. Clubs were purposively sampled based on their player productivity ranking. Interviews ranged from 52:26 minutes to 114:06 minutes in length (m = 87:53 ± 20.10 minutes). This study argues that holistic ecological approaches the environments were characterised through the interplay of factors that ranged from high-level internal to international level relationships. This resulted in the identification and recruitment of players from local and international environments. The purpose of recruitment was suggested to have a dual purpose: recruitment of players for the first team; recruitment of players for further development/monitoring and/or selling to another club. 相似文献
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Field experiments can provide compelling demonstrations of social learning in wild populations. Social learning has been experimentally
demonstrated in at least 23 field experiments, in 20 species, covering a range of contexts, such as foraging preferences and
techniques, habitat choice, and predator avoidance. We review experimental approaches taken in the field and with wild animals
brought into captivity and note how these approaches can be extended. Relocating individuals, introducing trained individual
demonstrators or novel behaviors into a population, or providing demonstrator-manipulated artifacts can establish whether
and how a particular act can be socially transmitted in the wild and can help elucidate the benefits of social learning. The
type, strength, and consistency of presented social information can be varied, and the provision of conditions favoring the
performance of an act can both establish individual discovery rates and help determine whether social information is needed
for acquisition. By blocking particular avenues of social transmission or removing key individuals, routes of transmission
in wild populations can be investigated. Manipulation of conditions proposed to favor social learning can test mathematical
models of the evolution of social learning. We illustrate how field experiments are a viable, vital, and informative approach
to the study of social learning. 相似文献