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171.
Lukas Anschuetz Sören Huwendiek Daniel Stricker Abraam Yacoub Wilhelm Wimmer Marco Caversaccio 《Anatomical sciences education》2019,12(5):507-517
Teaching methodologies for the anatomy of the middle ear have not been investigated greatly due to the middle ear’s highly complex structure and hidden location inside of the temporal bone. The aim of this randomized study was to quantitatively compare the suitability of using microscope- and endoscope-based methods for teaching the anatomy of the middle ear. We hypothesize that the endoscopic approach will be more efficient compared to the microscopic approach. To answer the study questions, 33 sixth-year medical students, residents and otorhinolaryngology specialists were randomized either into the endoscopy or the microscopy group. Their anatomical knowledge was assessed using a structured anatomical knowledge test before and after each session. Each participant received tutoring on a human cadaveric specimen using one of the two methods. They then performed a hands-on dissection. After 2–4 weeks, the same educational curriculum was repeated using the other technique. The mean gains in anatomical knowledge for the specialists, residents, and medical students were +19.0%, +34.6%, and +23.4%, respectively. Multivariate analyses identified a statistically significant increase in performance for the endoscopic method compared to the microscopic technique (P < 0.001). For the recall of anatomical structures during dissection, the endoscopic method outperformed the microscopic technique independently of the randomization or the prior training level of the attendees (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the endoscopic approach to middle ear anatomy education is associated to an improved gain in knowledge as compared to the microscopic approach. The participants subjectively preferred the endoscope for educational purposes. 相似文献
172.
Björn Sjögren Robert Thornberg Linda Wänström Gianluca Gini 《Psychology in the schools》2020,57(11):1710-1723
This study examined whether defending and passive bystanding during peer victimization episodes were associated with individual- and classroom-level efficacy to stop peer victimization. Self-report survey data were analyzed from 1,467 Swedish fourth-grade students (mean age = 10.55) from 100 classrooms in 63 schools. Multilevel analyses revealed that, when witnessing peer victimization, students more often defended victims if they were high in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms high in collective efficacy. In contrast, students were more likely to remain passive if they were low in defender self-efficacy and if they belonged to classrooms low in collective efficacy. Taken together, our findings suggest that efficacy beliefs both at the individual and at the classroom level contribute to explaining variability in students' bystander behaviors, which has potential implications for prevention and intervention work. 相似文献
173.
Minerva - Notions of research quality are contextual in many respects: they vary between fields of research, between review contexts and between policy contexts. Yet, the role of these co-existing... 相似文献
174.
Minerva - Project funding rarely demands much change on behalf of the recipient. In contrast, cross-sectoral mobility funding requires recipients to change their environment and often some aspects... 相似文献
175.
This paper examines alternative attitudes to internationalisation, using Australia and Finland as case studies. In Australia,
the principal thrust of “internationalisation” has been one of the export of educational services. The fees paid by the majority
of the 84 000 international university students have become a critical part of the funding of Australia’s university system.
In Finland, universities continue to be funded almost exclusively through government grants, and official philosophy towards
the internationalisation of higher education differs from the more direct economic Australian model. Comparative philosophy,
mobility and comparative numbers are considered.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
176.
Managers predict the sales of new entertainment products prior to their release using comparables, such as similar books from the same author or movies with the same actors. In this study, the authors analyze whether diffusion models for media products provide helpful support in the management task of predicting prelaunch sales of the first distribution channel for three different product categories. They compare the performance of predictions based on (a) simple success factor regressions (OLS) and (b) diffusion models against real management predictions. Based on samples covering the German music, film, and the literary market, we show that model-based forecasts outperform the forecasts of management teams for the majority of the products. In contrast, management is superior in forecasting top sellers. This is due to unobserved factors arising from more management attention attached towards super stars. The authors do not find substantial prediction differences between simple success factor regressions and more complex diffusion models. Thus, managers interested in total sales estimates can easily rely on OLS based success factor predictions. Advertising and product differentiation factors with respect to quality (e.g., star power, critics, or country of origin) are across all 3 industries highly relevant for sales predictions, whereas others variables (e.g., price, distribution power, season, or competition) differ across industries. 相似文献
177.
Lena Löfgren Gustav Helldén 《International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education》2008,6(3):481-504
In order to develop successful teaching approaches to transformations of matter, we need to know more about how young students
develop an understanding of these processes. In this longitudinal study, we followed 25 students from 7 to 13 years of age
in their reasoning about transformations of matter. The questions addressed included how the students’ understanding of transformations
of matter changed and how we can make sense of individual learning pathways. In interviews performed once or twice every year
the students described and explained three situations: fading leaves left on the ground, a burning candle, and a glass of
water covered with a glass plate on which some mist had formed. When analysing the interviews, we found a common pathway of
how the students’ ideas changed over the years in each one of the situations. When analysing individual student’s interviews
with Ausubel’s assimilation theory we could discern subordinate, superordinate and combinatorial learning. How these findings
can contribute to an improvement of teaching about transformations of matter is discussed. 相似文献
178.
In this study, the use of inquiry methods, learning cycles, a conceptual change model and analogy in creating alternative
science texts was discussed. An alternative text on the topic of acids and bases was created by integrating the methods and
models discussed in this paper. The alternative text and a sample of a traditional text taken from a textbook, which is still
used in Turkish high schools, were given to two groups, totaling 42 pre-service teachers—the alternative text was given to
an experimental group and the traditional text to a control group—in an experimental setting and their understandings of acids
and bases were compared. In addition, in the second step of the study, the pre-service teachers read both texts and indicated
their preferences in terms of interest, understandability and helpfullness. 相似文献
179.
Stenlund Jörgen Ingemar Schönborn Konrad Janek Tibell Lena Anna Elisabet 《Journal of Science Education and Technology》2021,30(1):125-138
Journal of Science Education and Technology - Central to evolution is the concept of a common ancestry from which all life has emerged over immense time scales, but learning and teaching temporal... 相似文献
180.
In two experiments, saccharin (CS) and lithium chloride (US) were paired in a context consisting of specific visual, auditory, tactual, and olfactory cues. The saccharin aversion was then extinguished in a context free from conditioning-context cues. Later, saccharin preference tests were given in the presence and absence of these cues. The results indicated that the background cues of the conditioning trial controlled the amount of saccharin drunk on extinction trials, and, furthermore, that extinction of the taste aversion was context specific; i.e., groups given extinction trials in a different (from conditioning) context retained their saccharin aversion in the conditioning context only. The results indicate an important role played by the exteroceptive context in taste-aversion conditioning. 相似文献