Demand for culture in Spain and the 2012 VAT rise

This paper analyzes the effects that the 2012 VAT rise in Spain had on household’ demand for cultural goods and services. Household’ demands are modeled as a two-stage QUAIDS. After estimating price and expenditure elasticities, and the pass-through parameter associated with the reform, our results show that the individual welfare loss and the increment in the tax bill increase, but less than proportionately, with income. Consequently, the reform can be considered as regressive. Relating the effects of the VAT reform to households’ incomes also implies a low quantitative effect, because of the low proportion of total household expenditure that cultural expenditure represents. From a social perspective, the size of the induced welfare loss would positively depend on society’s inequality aversion. Regardless of the latter, it cannot be concluded whether the reform would have increased or reduced inequality in the distribution of cultural spending. Our results prove qualitatively robust to alternative values of the pass-through parameter.     

美国情报搜集中个人数据隐私权状况及对我国的启示 ——以FISA第702条为研究样本

[目的/意义]大数据时代,美国情报机构监视恐怖嫌疑分子数据作为维护美国国家安全的重要方面,效果显著。然而,实践中出现"国家安全"和"个人数据安全""个人隐私权"相冲突的问题,对之研究具有重要的镜鉴价值。[方法/过程]以美国《涉外情报监控法》第702条为研究样本,实证分析了个人隐私被侵犯的原因,如即情报搜集工作监督不严、问责不力等。规范分析了平衡"国家安全"和"个人数据安全""个人隐私权"之间的法律对策。[结果/结论]研究认为,设立情报监督机构,规制数据使用目的和范围,加大问责力度是平衡国家安全和公民个人数据隐私权的积极面向。     

秩序、效率和民主的有机统一--政治发展价值取向的剖析

发展中国家因为其薄弱的基础和现实条件,在迈向现代化的征程中面临着艰难的抉择。在政治发展上也同样如此。各国由于国情的不同而选择适合于自己政治发展的路径,但发展中国家在政治发展上有着共同的目标,这就是要求政治发展要达到秩序、效率和民主。而秩序、效率和民主并不是孤立的,只有在三者有效互动基础上才能推动政治发展。     

A Symbiosis of Access: Proliferating STEM PhD Training in the U.S. from 1920–2010

Minerva - Over the course of the 20th century, unprecedented growth in scientific discovery was fueled by broad growth in the number of university-based scientists. During this period the American...     

基于混沌加密和HVS在数字水印算法中的应用

针对混沌系统和人类视觉特性改进一种鲁棒性数字水印算法。原始图像经过离散小波变换提取子带系数,二值灰度数字水印图像信号在嵌入时经过Logistic混沌映射预处理,结合人眼视觉特性,水印图像嵌入到重要的子带系数中,实验证明该方案对常见的图像处理如噪声、剪切、旋转等攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

创新是发展的根本动力

创新是一个复杂的价值创造过程,是经济发展的决定性力量。创新驱动发展涉及现代化建设的方方面面,包括科学技术创新、商业模式创新、制度创新、管理创新和社会创新以及人才培养机制创新。为实现创新驱动发展,需要完善国家创新生态系统,加速政府职能转变,着力营造良好的创新制度文化环境,激发创新主体的创新活力,强化创新基础条件平台建设,弘扬中华民族的创新文化和创新精神,形成全社会关心创新、参与创新的良好发展局面,加快建设创新型国家和全面建成小康社会。     

Measurement and analysis of soil nitrogen and organic matter content using near-infrared spectroscopy techniques

Near infrared reflectance （N1R） spectroscopy is as a rapid, convenient and simple nondestructive technique useful for quantifying several soil properties. This method was used to estimate nitrogen （N） and organic matter （OM） content in a soil of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou County. A total of 125 soil samples were taken from the field. Ninety-five samples spectra were used during the calibration and cross validation stage. Thirty samples spectra were used to predict N and OM concentration. NIR spectra of these samples were correlated using partial least square regression. The regression coefficients between measured and predicted values of N and OM was 0.92 and 0.93, and SEP （standard error of prediction） were 3.28 and 0.06, respectively, which showed that NIR method had potential to accurately predict these constituents in this soil. The results showed that NIR spectroscopy could be a good tool for precision farming application.     

探讨机械类本科生毕业设计的改革

本从社会需求的角度探讨机械类本科生的毕业设计改革,找出存在的问题,提出理论联系实际的创新能力培养是毕业设计的首要任务。     

Impact in the school system of a strategy for identifying and selecting academically talented students: the experience of Program PENTA‐UC

The study explores the consequences, for participating schools, of the implementation of a system for the identification and selection of academically talented students, in the context of an extracurricular enrichment program operating at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. The participants were 73 students, 50 teachers, and seven members of the school administration, in seven schools. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups. The results indicated that the identification and selection processes have mostly positive effects on teachers and students. Some potentially negative effects were also detected for the classmates of the talented students, which relate mainly to the manner in which information was handled. Possible implications of these findings for this program for talented children and other similar programs are discussed.     

Cosmopolitical encounters: Prototyping at the National Zoo in Santiago,Chile

This article presents an empirical reflection on how the prototyping of an environmental enrichment device for chimpanzees at the National Zoo of Chile precipitates a cosmopolitical encounter. Using material produced by design students, zookeepers and the chimps Judy and Gombe, we describe how prototyping iterations establish open processes of dialogue and encounters among humans and nonhumans. The case will demonstrate how prototyping can go further than the generation of models of an original. On the contrary, the cosmopolitical encounter emerging from the prototyping process makes evident a truly ontological vocation, acknowledging humans and other-than-human beings as singular entities. Its provisional and malleable nature turns this device into a privileged locus for the exploration of interspecies entanglement. Although zoos are scientifically organized institutions, in this case we observe how its anthropocentric hierarchy was performatively reshuffled at certain moments of the prototyping process. The cosmopolitical qualities of the prototyping process analyzed derive from its capacity to deploy an ethics of attention and care between the agencies at play, that is, for unfold gestures of mutual vulnerability. Finally, we propose prototyping as a device for moving from cosmopolitics as a way of understanding the world to cosmopolitics as a matter of design.