香港初小学生识字测试报告

本文汇报了香港初小学生识字测试的工作。识字测试兼及汉字字音、字形、字义的认识。测试的汉字从香港小学语文大纲所列生字表分级随机抽出。测试结果显示香港初小学生对初小阶段的字,字音得分较高,字义次之,字形得分最低,表明学生对初小阶段的字的字音掌握较佳,字形掌握较低。当加入高小的字测试时,字音,字形,字义得分相对地下降,字音、字形、字义每项得分差别不大。识字测试结果也显示香港初小学生最先掌握字的音义,其次才掌握字的形义,最后才掌握字的音形。     

Teachers’ professional knowledge construction in Assessment for Learning

This article attempts to unpack the complexity of teachers’ professional knowledge construction in Assessment for Learning (hereafter, AfL). It presents a qualitative study of a school‐based AfL Project which took place in a secondary school in Hong Kong. Thirty lessons video‐recorded in the AfL Project and nine teacher interviews conducted after the Project were analyzed. The findings enrich our understanding of professional knowledge construction in four aspects: (1) personal nature of teachers’ practical knowledge construction in contrived situations; (2) confined integration of AfL into pedagogical content knowledge in terms of ‘skill progression that accompanies experience’; (3) more sophisticated integration of AfL into pedagogical content knowledge as ‘practicalizing theoretical knowledge’; and (4) reflection, conscious deliberation, and ‘theorizing practical knowledge’ associated with more sophisticated professional knowledge integration. Implications for enhancing teachers’ professional learning are discussed.     

Reflections on teaching and research: two inseparable components in higher education

Teaching and research are two inseparable components in higher education. There are continuous debates about the relationship between the two. Does good teaching always lead to good research, and vice versa? This paper critically examines the impact of current policy on the two academic practices and discusses how it shapes one’s professional values and career development. It begins with a discussion of the education policy development and the global trends in higher education, the ontological and epistemological positions of knowledge and education and proceeds to the set of axiological beliefs that educators should embrace. The critical reflective review presented connotes with notions of self-interrogation towards the improvement of professional practice. Its relevance to other disciplines is illustrated though examples contextualised in the marketing discipline.     

Study abroad information in the new media

Few studies have been conducted to identify what kinds of online information are provided by institutions and needed by international students in social media. This study aims to identify critical constructs of study abroad information (SAI) that can generate positive attitudes toward the university. Specifically, this study attempts to investigate the effectiveness of persuasive communication via social media among students looking to study abroad as well as examining their impacts on attitude change. This paper used the elaboration likelihood model to map out information processing flow of students looking to study abroad. Based on a series of qualitative and quantitative studies, the findings highlighted the importance of peripheral communication cues in influencing students’ attitudinal change toward overseas institutions and countries. This study uncovered that the peripheral cues mediate the relationship of study abroad online reviews and attitude change.     

Transfer of Grapheme Discrimination from Cued to Traditional Orthography

This study was conducted to help settle a major controversy in spelling instruction concerning the phonetic generalization hypothesis. It utilized Solomon’s Four-Group Experimental Design for 2x2x2 factorial analyses-girls versus boys, pretesting versus nonpretesting, and phonetic instruction versus no phonetic treatment. Dependent variables were two spelling test scores of pupils in 106 Grades 2-6 classes: (1) spellings consistent with two phonetic generalizations taught to treatment groups and (2) spellings unrelated to the two phonetic generalizations. In order of most significant effects found, results showed girls superior to boys, pretesting better than nonpretesting, and questionable advantage for phonetic instruction over no phonetic instruction. Test-Study methods appear to be more promising than phonetic approaches. Further research is necessary to ascertain the definite value of Test-Study methods.     

Influence of expectation and campus racial climate on undergraduates' interracial interaction

In this study, the authors examine the influence of interracial interaction expectation and campus racial climate perception on attitudes toward interracial interaction which, in turn, influences the levels of interracial interaction among students at a multicultural university in Malaysia. Interaction across race is fundamental to students' growth and development. Responses from 193 Malay and 165 Chinese students were analysed by means of hierarchical regression. Results support the hypothesized influence of interracial interaction expectation and campus racial climate perception on attitudes toward interracial interaction for the Chinese students. For the Malay students, however, only interracial interaction expectation is significant. Attitudes toward interracial interaction, in turn, significantly predict levels of interracial interaction for both groups. The results support the hypothesized differential strength of relationships among the variables for the two racial groups. Implications for higher education are discussed.     

Initial development of a model of care and support for primary school children in changing familial situations: a Hong Kong hybrid case

This paper proposes an initial model for the care and support of primary school children coping with family situations and family changes. The model is built on existing counselling literature, incorporating the perceptions of teachers, children and parents on their needs for support and a small empirical study by the author on teachers' perceptions of the roles and functions of the personnel involved in supporting children in changing familial situations. In proposing the model for schools the author argues for the need for a multi‐systemic approach which emphasises involving home–school cooperation and acknowledging the unique ‘East meets West’ hybrid context in Hong Kong. The use of the model in relation to teacher education, counselling practice and research is discussed. Implications of this model for other locales having similar hybrid contexts, particularly a mix with a Chinese cultural heritage, are also discussed.     

Teacher commitment trends: Cases of Hong Kong teachers from 1997 to 2007

This article examines the commitment of Hong Kong teachers in the decade after the political transition in 1997, when large-scale education reforms were launched. The life history method was employed to investigate teachers’ self-appraisal of their commitment levels in their career course and factors contributing to such trends. Findings not only affirm the previous view that teacher commitment involves the interplay of personal, workplace and education systemic factors but also illuminate how these factors interplay differently to effect sustained/increased or decreased commitment. ‘Love for students’ is argued to be a crucial personal factor which counteracts unfavorable external conditions to sustain teacher commitment.     

精准医学发展趋势:从定量成像到放射组学（英文）

放射学(影像学)及影像引导的介入手段能提供多参数的形态学及功能信息,在精准医学中扮演着越来越重要的角色。因此,放射科医生需要理解影像表型,并将这些表型与潜在的疾病相关联,进而描述图像特征。但是为了能理解并描述异质性实体肿瘤的分子表型(基因组学信息),就需要通过活检取得这些组织更进一步的序列信息。因此,放射科医生为了能获得详尽的影像表型,需要从不同视图和角度采集图像,而这就产生了大量的数据。从所有这些影像数据中提取有意义的细节非常具有挑战性,并衍生出了大数据这个命题。因为影像组学有对诊断支持提供有意义的诠释性和预测性信息的潜力,所以近年来对于影像组学的关注越来越多。影像组学是传统的计算机辅助诊断、深度学习和人类技能的结合,因此它能被用来定量描述肿瘤表型。本文对影像组学流程的概览、基于不同手段(如计算机断层扫描(CT)、磁共振成像(MRI)和正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET))的影像组学研究结果、面临的挑战和影像组学对于精准医学潜在的贡献等方面进行了讨论。