我国竞技体育职业化诚信危机根源及对策

文章从文化、政治、制度、法律等四个方面分析了中国体育职业化过程中诚信危机产生的原因,提出了我国体育职业化、产业化进程中诚信建设的对策,即:1.进一步明晰各职业联赛的产权归属及各俱乐部的产权。2.建立完善的诚信制度和体系,包括建立健全信用政策法规体系、建立和完善社会信用联合征信系统,增加失信者的社会道德风险。3.强化市场监督管理,建立健全诚信建设的制度规范。4.减少短期行为及不确定性。     

(Mis) Conception About Generalizability Theory

In what sense is generalizability theory an extension of classical test theory? In what sense is generalizability theory an application of analysis of variance.     

Cardiorespiratory and perceptual responses to arm crank and wheelchair exercise using various handrims in male paraplegics

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of 10-in [0.25-m] versus 16-in [0.41-m] wheelchair handrims on cardiorespiratory and psychophysiological exercise responses during wheelchair propulsion at selected velocities. Fifteen male paraplegics (27.0 +/- 5.5 yrs) performed three discontinuous exercise tests (ACE = arm crank ergometer; WERG = wheelchair roller ergometer) and two 1600-m performance-based track trials (TRACK) under simulated race conditions. There were no significant differences in HR, VO2, VE, HLa, or category-ratio ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) using different handrims during wheelchair propulsion at 4 km.h-1. In contrast, at 8 km.h-1 subjects demonstrated a 13% lower steady state VO2 (p less than .05) using the 10-in handrims, coincident with a 23% lower VE. Steady state HR during WERG at 8 km.h-1 using the 10-in (124.4 +/- 3.9 b.min-1) or 16-in (130.6 +/- 4.6 b.min-1) handrims were not significantly different. There were also no significant differences between ACE or WERG conditions during maximal effort for VO2 or VE. However, HRpeak during ACE was 7% higher than HRpeak during WERG16 (183 +/- 15 b.min-1 vs. 171 +/- 12 b.min-1, p less than .05), and whole blood HLa during ACE was also significantly higher (by 2.3-2.5 mmol; p less than .05) compared to WERG. There were no significant differences for HR, performance time, or RPE between trials using different handrim diameters during the 1600-m event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)