The History of the South East Asian Peninsular Games,1959–1975

After the Second World War the Southeast Asian countries of Burma (1948), Laos (1954), Cambodia (1955), South Vietnam (1955), Malaya (1957), and Singapore (1959) sought independence from the British, French and Japanese colonialists. The first post Second World War and post-colonial biannual multisport Southeast Asian Games was held in Bangkok in 1959 among these countries (and Thailand) although they were relatively poor developing countries. Referring to official reports of the eight bi-annual SEAP Games and other sources of information this research studies how the organization of the eight SEAP Games since 1959 contributed to the nation building process of each country and shaped the political landscape. This was carried out by creating a national identity through sports in each country as well as creating a sense of regional cooperation during periods of war, shifting boundaries and identities. This was done through rituals to legitimize newly ascended constitutional monarchies and heads of states, national flags and athletes' national identity during competition. The SEAP Games also gradually opened avenues for women's participation similar to female athletes in the Olympic Games. It also provided opportunities for promising athletes to shine, improve and compete at higher levels at the Asian and Olympic Games.     

高职教育汽车运用专业教材现状及改进建议

针对汽车运用专业教材存在的一些问题,应增加各科教师间的沟通和各科教材编审委员会之间的交流,树立基础课为专业课服务的思想;形成以企业需求为导向的思想,着力提高教师的实践能力;依托行业组织,加强教材建设和管理工作;考虑学生认知特点,合理表述知识;本着“必需“、“够用“、“管用“的原则,把握好教材的深度和广度.     

Bedingungen der Bindungswirkung inkrementeller Normen in Fußballvereinen

Sports clubs depend on the pooling of resources by their members. The supportive distribution of the resources within a club is facilitated in particular by the effectiveness of incremental standards. A basic prerequisite for a fair distribution of resources is a minimum of community spirit among the members. Based on a nationwide survey of football clubs and an ordinal logistic regression model, factors were determined that reflect the extent of the community spirit within a club. The opening up of the club by payment to players and perceived problems with acquiring and binding of volunteers are associated with a reduction of community spirit. In contrast, the perception that the club activities can be continued in the long term shows a positive correlation to a highly developed community spirit.     

基于WEB的选课系统设计

通过使用基于Web的Asp技术，对后台数据库进行查询、更新。从而建立实用有效的学生网上选课系统。     

任务型英语教学评价的试题设计

自上个世纪80年代以来,任务型教学法在语言理论专家和各国语言教学工作者的不断研究与探讨中越来越受到人们的关注和认可。在我国,随着教育部颁布了新的中学《英语课程标准》,以任务型教学理论为基础编纂的教材和相应的教学方法也逐步应用于英语教学课堂。鉴于教学评价是教学活     

A channel distortion model for video over lossy packet networks

Error-resilient video communication over lossy packet networks is often designed and operated based on models for the effect of losses on the reconstructed video quality. This paper analyzes the channel distortion for video over lossy packet networks and proposes a new model that, compared to previous models, more accurately estimates the expected mean-squared error distortion for different packet loss patterns by accounting for inter-frame error propagation and the correlation between error frames. The accuracy of the proposed model is validated with JVT/H.264 encoded standard test sequences and previous frame concealment, where the proposed model provides an obvious accuracy gain over previous models.     

关于构建高职院校体育思想体系的思考

体育在学校中有着重要的地位。构建高职院校体育思想体系对以培养应用型人才为主的高职院校有着积极的作用,并有利于高职院校体育工作的开展。构建高职院校体育思想体系，要以提高学生的健身意识、丰富校园体育文化、提高体育教学质量、完成体育教学任务为基本宗旨。     

入世后民营经济的发展与对策

入世对我国民营经济来说是一次千载难逢的好机会，但由于自身和外部条件的不成熟，也使其面临着巨大的挑战。我们应水住机遇，深化政策和观念等方面的改革，努力提高自身素质，从而使我国民营经济在国际和国内市场上都能获得充分的发展和壮大。     

A review of tennis racket performance parameters

The application of advanced engineering to tennis racket design has influenced the nature of the sport. As a result, the International Tennis Federation has established rules to limit performance, with the aim of protecting the nature of the game. This paper illustrates how changes to the racket affect the player-racket system. The review integrates engineering and biomechanical issues related to tennis racket performance, covering the biomechanical characteristics of tennis strokes, tennis racket performance, the effect of racket parameters on ball rebound and biomechanical interactions. Racket properties influence the rebound of the ball. Ball rebound speed increases with frame stiffness and as string tension decreases. Reducing inter-string contacting forces increases rebound topspin. Historical trends and predictive modelling indicate swingweights of around 0.030–0.035 kg/m² are best for high ball speed and accuracy. To fully understand the effect of their design changes, engineers should use impact conditions in their experiments, or models, which reflect those of actual tennis strokes. Sports engineers, therefore, benefit from working closely with biomechanists to ensure realistic impact conditions.     

Synchronized lower limb kinematics with pelvis orientation achieves the non-rotational shot

A non-rotational (NR) shot is now a well-known scoring move in soccer. To execute the NR shot, it is necessary to deprive the ball of any rotational forces during the impact phase. To execute the NR shot, it is natural that the force vector acting from the foot would pass through the ball’s center of gravity; however, the coordinated motion of the lower limb joint’s angular displacement and the pelvis is still unclear. The aim of this study is to estimate the coordinated leg and pelvis motion during the NR shot as compared to that during instep kicking. Four right-leg dominant college league players were asked to perform a NR shot and an instep kick a total of 10 times each. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angular displacements in the sagittal plane and pelvis yaw and roll rotational motions during both types of kicks were calculated with 14 IR reflective markers using a 3D real-time motion analysis system with a 250-Hz sampling. The Euclidean distances of the joint space of the NR shot and the instep kick were also calculated to detect similarities in the coordinated motion of the lower limb. The results showed that the lower limb joint motions in the sagittal plane were not different; however, the pelvis roll and yaw motions were apparently different, and these phenomena could simulate a pendulum motion with changes in both the vertical and horizontal displacements. These results suggest that the coordinated motion of the lower limb joint’s angular displacement shows high similarity between the NR shot and the instep kick, and the pelvis roll and yaw synchronized orientation is essential for achieving the NR shot.